Internal and External Determinants of Russian Foreign Policy

Introduction: Theoretical Aspects Of The Internal And External Determinants Of The State Foreign Policy

The concept of “statehood” is the most important characteristic of the state, revealing not only its internal nature, as R. Chellen would say, “form of life”, but also determining its place in the world system. That is why the use of this concept as a synonym for the state or to refer to fairly generalized and indirect forms of political organization seems to be erroneous. Methodological substantiation of the concept of “statehood” Statehood is a special sign, the state of development of a certain social entity (nation, group of nationalities, people), who managed to create their state, the national legal system or restore these institutions that were lost due to various reasons. Statehood is a property, quality, and state of society at a particular historical stage of its development. Statehood is the essence, the quality of the state. The state is a manifestation, a form of statehood. Thus, statehood is the qualitative side of the state, which fills the state-state with life and organizes not only the entire human but even partly geographical and biological environment. The concept of statehood is broader and deeper than the concept of the state. When we say that some nation has statehood, it means that this nation has or can have its state. Statehood determines the entire structure of social life, the political order, and hence the viability of the state. The state, in turn, must correspond to the statehood of this or that people. The most complete disclosure of the concept of “statehood” seems possible through the imposition of such characteristics as “status” and “consistency”. This was first noticed in the late 1960s by the American researcher J.P. Nettle (Nettle, 1968). those. allows you to determine the place and role of this state in the world system.

statehood is the result of the historical, economic, political, and foreign policy activities of a particular society to create a relatively rigid political framework that ensures territorial, institutional, and functional unity, i.e. to create their state-state, national political system. However, how the process of formation of statehood will proceed, and what will be its results - whether there will be a state-state capable of not only obtaining a certain status in the system of international relations but also playing a certain role in the world system, depends on a historically determined combination of internal and external factors. Therefore, the problem of factors influencing statehood seems to be decisive in the process of its development. Factors as analytical units are understood as material and non-material structures, institutions, and processes that determine the formation of statehood. For the most complete and adequate analysis of the development of domestic statehood, we propose to use a kind of factorial “funnel of causality”, namely, to take into account seven internal and seven external factors in the analysis. The internal factors that determine statehood include the dimension, demographic and ethnic-confessional, socioeconomic characteristics, the time of existence of statehood, the presence of internal (interethnic) conflicts, the political organization of society, and the nature of the political regime. External are the factors that show the level of economic, military, and political dependence/independence from other countries, supranational structures, and global problems of our time. Specifically highlighted are: external debt dependence, the share of foreign investment and foreign aid, the national currency pegging regime, the presence of foreign military contingents on the territory of the country, the recognition and inclusion of the country in supranational structures, the presence of territorial problems and global problems of our time (terrorism, arms trafficking, drugs, etc.). The selected factors can be considered basic for the analysis of the development of statehood. The rest, with undoubted interest, are secondary and do not change the overall picture.