Instructional Approaches Employed Under the COVID-19 Pandemic to Enhance Teaching and Learning in Developing Countries: A Wellness Perspective

Introduction

The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2020) officially declared Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 12. This pandemic has brought significant challenges in every organisation, including the higher education sector globally. In response to this crisis, universities, colleges, and schools have devised various teaching styles and approaches as a response to curb the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. At the same time, institutions are ensured that teaching and learning continued- hence they adopted various instructional strategies for online teaching and learning. The study, therefore, explored different instructional approaches employed by institutions of higher learning to enhance wellness of both lecturers and students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as some challenges encountered in the process of using new instructional approaches and some way forward. Furthermore, the chapter provides a typology of the types of responses currently undertaken and assess the agility of higher education in preparing for the pandemic. Hence the main objective of this study was to identify the instructional approaches that are most effective in enhancing teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on the wellness of teachers and learners in developing countries.