Improvement and Repair Methods of Biomedical Images Used in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Improvement and Repair Methods of Biomedical Images Used in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Murat Türkmen, Zeynep Orman
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 13
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-8602-3.ch005
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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a health problem with multiple causes, characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue. Osteoporosis, the incidence of which has increased with the prolongation of human life, is at the top of the list in important public health rankings today. In addition, osteoporosis can be said to be a costly disease. In terms of days of stay in the hospital, osteoporosis causes more cost burden and longer treatment processes on health systems than many major diseases such as lung disease due to chronic vascular occlusion, stroke, and breast cancer. Image enhancement and enhancement techniques help physicians diagnose diseases and accelerate disease diagnosis studies. This indirectly reduces patient costs and saves time. In this chapter, the techniques used for the improvement and repair of biomedical images in the diagnosis of osteoporosis from the past to the present are examined. Modern biomedical imaging technologies are reviewed. Imaging tools used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis have also been investigated.
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2. Literature Review

Rachner et al. investigated the detection of osteoporosis risk factors, especially in terms of reducing the osteoporotic fracture burden in the population. In their studies, the prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors was remarkable in the majority of patients, while most of them were found to have more than one (at least one) risk factor for osteoporosis. They explained that preventive health services could not reach the patient group within the scope of the research sufficiently. In this sense, they made recommendations for women to increase awareness of osteoporosis, carry out preventive studies, provide preventive training, identify risk groups through screening, and refer them to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

Heiss et al. stated that the World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis according to DEXA measurements and is the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and the continuation of treatment. For this reason, they stated that it has an important place in the prevention of fractures, which is the most important result of osteoporosis. The BMD values of the patients were evaluated from the lumbar vertebrae (in the anterior position between L1-L4) and proximal femur (neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle) with the DEXA device (Hologic). They evaluated the total lumbar and femoral neck T scores at the time of diagnosis and present. In the logistic regression analysis, they found that the cognitive functions evaluated with the mini-mental test were effective on the level of total lumbar and femoral neck T scores, while the presence of depression symptoms did not affect the level of the femoral neck T scores.

Damilakis et al. reported that the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) was sufficient to detect changes due to transient osteoporosis. However, it can show a mineral deficiency in the early stages of the disease, where standard graphics are normal. According to this study, it was said that much-mottled osteoporosis seen without cortex involvement could be useful in differentiating it from other clinical conditions. Along with computed tomography, they also used MRI, bone densimeter, and bone scintigraphy technologies.

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