Abstract
People migrate for many reasons such as war, natural disasters, economic hardships, family reunification, and education. Within the framework of bilateral agreements, Turkey emigrated from the 1960s to the 1990s in order to meet the workforce needs of Europe. However, after the 2000s, migration has gained a different dimension. Examining and rectifying this scenario, which has been dubbed a “brain drain,” is critical for the country's future. According to studies, economic concerns, and anxieties about the future are the most crucial reasons for the Z generation to migrate from Turkey. Following that, social and individual issues such as social structure changes, freedom restrictions, gender inequity, and a quiet life were examined. In this study, after giving a piece of general information about migration and generation Z, the reasons for the migration of the members of the Z generation who migrated from Turkey, the difficulties and aspirations they experienced, and the country conditions that were considered to cause people to migrate were examined.
TopImmigration
Migration is defined as the movement of people, individually or collectively, from one country to another, from one settlement to another, for economic, social and political reasons (TDK, 2021). Within this scope, population movements that result in persons being displaced are evaluated, regardless of their duration, structure, or purpose. The United Nations (UN) defines the person as an immigrant who has resided in a foreign country for more than one year, regardless of the reasons for migration and whether the immigrants are voluntary or not (PMM, 2021). According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2022), a migrant, in terms of the country of destination, is a person who moves to a country other than his nationality or usual residence, so that the country of destination becomes the new country of habitual residence. In 2020, there are 281 million immigrants in the world, according to IOM data (IOM, 2021). This number represents 3.6% of the world population. 164 million immigrants work in the country to which they have migrated. The amount spent by immigrants and diaspora in 2019 was 717 million dollars.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT-TÜIK): TurkStat is a research institution that collects data from individuals, households and workplaces through surveys and censuses. Its main task is to compile, produce, publish, and distribute data, information, and necessary statistics in the areas needed by the country.
Habitat Association: It is a non-governmental organization that develops and executes social impact-oriented and capacity-building projects that are compatible with the digitalized world.
International Organization for Migration (IOM): It is an international organization operating in areas such as emergency assistance, refugee resettlement, voluntary repatriation assistance, migrant health, sending money and supporting legal immigration options.
Presidency of Migration Management (PMM): It is an institution under the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Türkiye that uses multiple governmental functions within a national system for the orderly and humane management of cross-border migration.
Global Public Policy Institute (GPPI): Founded in 2003, the institute is a Berlin-based non-profit think tank focused on foreign policy and global governance.