Identifying the Different Categories of IR4.0 Technology Usage Clusters Amongst Brunei Darussalam's MSMEs Using K-Means Approach

Background

At this present, Brunei Darussalam is moving towards IR4.0, the nation is focusing on few important aspects in order to reach the goal to be adapted with IR4.0 which are by identifying the real and local needs, having a strategic planning, more involvement of stakeholders, initiating government drive, more operators and industry players, build infrastructure and spectrum readiness, plan deployment in phases (James Kon, 2019). At this point, there have been different models to assess maturity levels and industry readiness in adopting IR4.0 technologies. Models such as IMPULS, Industry 4.0 Readiness Assesment Tools, Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index, Industry 4.0 Maturity Model, Industry 4.0-MM, RAMI 4.0, Schumacher et al., Rojko, Kichtblau et al. and Agca et.al and Singapore Economic Development Board model are mainly used to assess the readiness of manufacturing companies. But however, there is limitation to those models that focuses on manufacturing businesses only. Study on IR4.0 on business models remains a least explored topic (Arnold, Kiel, and Voigt 2016). Especially when empirical research on the business models in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things have mostly unnoticed what is needed for the MSMEs (Arnold et al. 2016; Müller et al. 2018; Müller, Buliga, and Voigt 2021).