This chapter reviews the essential features of present learning environment and puts forward some educational propositions that may be of service in schools on all levels. First, it examines the selected philosophical, psychological, and cognitive theories pertaining learning and teaching. Next, characteristics of current learning environment are discussed, and the focus is put on a need for introducing the integrative learning into the global K-20 schooling. Propositions comprise the iterative model of inducing new concepts and information into the curriculum; introduction of such universal languages as Latin, Music, and Mathematics; thinking and learning visually with the use of visualization techniques; teaching students to write codes in various languages for computer programs; instruction in serious and educational gaming; inclusion of virtual reality into school environment; and promoting an active learning through the use of social platforms for global exchange of thought. This instructional design model focuses on developing skills that correspond to the needs and expectations typical of present-day society.
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The needs of students change with the growing impact of social media. The ubiquity of the online, networked, interactive, visually delivered information offered by social media allows the learners to compare and contrast data. Global education is changing its meaning because of the availability, portability, compatibility, ergonometric design, and unification of various devices that are accessible for studying and sharing knowledge on different levels or paths. For this reason, this chapter presents an instructional design model, which focuses on developing skills needed today. Expectations typical of present-day society transform along with technology developments. Educational technology tools support finding out interesting ways during the teaching process; this provide both teacher and students a chance to be interactive in the learning environment and also to like the education. The global K-20 schooling supports students in gaining the multi-cultural communication skills by enabling each learner to understand different cultures and ideas.
Instructional models are known as the main teaching approaches to be integrated in the lesson or training unit. Instructional designers determine selected methods as they expected they would be the most effective. Traditional instructional design models generally resulted from the concurrent teaching philosophies along with psychological and cognitive learning theories explaining how humans understand knowledge and interact with the environment. Many instructional models have been developed; they generally include identifying instructional targets, conducting instructional analysis, analyzing contexts of learners, setting performance objectives, improving assessment instruments, developing instructional strategy, developing and choosing instructional materials, designing and conducting formative evaluation of instruction, reviewing instruction, and designing and conducting summative evaluation (Kalman, Kemp, Morrison, & Ross, 2012).