Functional Electrical Stimulation Based on Interference-Driven PWM Signals for Neuro-Rehabilitation

Bmi Research Overview

A BMI is an example of a man-machine interface that provides a direct connection between brain activity and external devices. BMI has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach for limb paralysis of the sensory motor system, and many research institutes and universities are investigating its utility for lower leg rehabilitation. Signal detection methods are classified as either invasive or non-invasive depending upon the procedures employed. Invasive methods typically use multi-channel needle-shaped sensors that are inserted into the cerebral cortex or utilize a surface sensor placed directly on the cortex in a process known as electrocorticography (ECoG). Non-invasive methods frequently use electroencephalograms (EEGs) and/or functional near-infrared spectra scope (fNIRS) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A classic example of functional, experimental, non-invasive output BMI using EEG is the brain-controlled wheel chair (Tanaka K., Matsunaga K. & Wang H. O. 2005). Non-invasive sensing methods offer significant advantages in terms of safety and comfort; however, the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (s/n) leave substantial room for improvement. Thus, a great deal of current research still utilizes invasive methods.