Feasible Challenges and Applications of IoT in Healthcare: Essential Architecture and Challenges in Various Fields of Internet of Healthcare Things

Introduction

The first IoT was invented in 1990 by John Romkey. It’s a device as the toaster with on and off features by the internet for INTEROP conference in October 1989. The president of interop Dan Lynch promised John that this toaster should be marketed. However, it is not popular at that time and not considered later. The device was communicated to the computer through TCP/IP protocols. In 1991, the first web page is developed by Tim Berners-Lee (Gubbi, Jayavardhana, Buyya, Marusic, & Palaniswami, 2013). In 1997, an article on sensors from the Next Wave of Infotech Innovation has released. Google is incorporated in 1998. In this duration, it slowly started callings as the Internet of Things (IoT) but not elaborated briefly. A project was developed by Scott Brave from MIT on InTouch in 1998. The year 1999 has a tremendous change in IoT and MIT. Kevin Ashton coined the term IoT. In addition to this started life of the IoT by the presentation made at Procter and Gamble by linking with a new idea of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) that became a hot topic. Although it was still often misunderstood (Atzori, Luigi, Iera & Morabito, 2010). In the same year, a researcher Neil from MIT Media lab was speaking about the precipitous evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW) which is setting off the real explosion now on the internet. From 2003 to 2004, researchers started publications and developed few projects like the Cool town and the disappearing computer initiative and implementing new ideas.

In 2005 onwards, the other level of Information and Communication Technologies was added to IoT. Where the connections can be multiple and can be able to create their own dynamic networks. Similarly, little Wi-Fi enabled the systems. In 2008, the IPSO Alliance launched by the group of companies such as Ericsson, Intel, Bosch to motivation Internet Protocol (IP) networks in IoT (Kodali, Swamy & Lakshmi, 2015). The actual IoT was born in the years 2008 to 2009 whereas all the objects and things are connected at the point of time. The gradual usage of the IoT by people was started year by year. The no. of ways associated with the internet was carried about 12.6 billion by 2010. At this time the population of humans is about to 6.8 billion whereas the no. of systems a human beings connected to the internet is more than 1.6 billion that reaches to high expectations in the history of IoT. Later 2010 to till now, started developing various platforms as Thinkspeak and Pachube are interfaced to hardware and software (Subasi, Radhwan, Kurdi & Khateeb, 2018). Then IoT became a major industry in China and started plans to invest. Now the top MNC’s like IBM, Intel manufacturing their own large in scale products for educational and marketing at this time. These companies launched basic static medical and healthcare products for pharma industries (Knicerkbocker, Budd, Dang, Chen, Colgan, Hung, Kumar et al., 2018). Till now, industries and companies have not invented the devices related to IoT with healthcare systems as compared to other IoT fields. Researchers are widely working on Data Base Management System, Sensor Networks, Security and Privacy issues on the IoHT.