The article is devoted to a topical scientific problem in modern conditions – valuation of land in Ukraine. A methodology for determining the market value of reclaimed land based on a differentiated assessment of its productivity through crop yields is proposed, taking into account natural and climatic zones and other conditions of a particular region. The basis of the methodology is the application of long-term forecast and a set of forecast and simulation models, in particular the model of area climatic conditions and the model of water regime and water regulation technologies on reclaimed land. The proposed approaches were tested by the method of large – scale machine experiment using a land plot in the zone of Western Polesie of Ukraine as the example. The obtained results indicate that there is a differentiation in land value, which is a proportional derivative of the yield of cultivated crops depending on the conditions of their cultivation.
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The analysis conducted by various researchers confirms that the forecast price for Ukrainian chernozem is the lowest in Europe (Barvinsky, Tykhenko, 2015; Martyn, Tykhenko, 2015; Novakovsky, 2015).
Thus, according to the calculations of the Ministry of Economy, a hectare of land in Ukraine after the opening of land market can cost about 2,2 thousand. USD according to the common model (sale to residents and non-residents) and 1,5 thousand. USD according to the limited model (sale to residents only). The value of agricultural land in Ukraine is influenced by yields, infrastructure and the owner's desire to sell shares quickly. As the area of the plot increases, the price per hectare almost does not decrease.
For comparison, the estimated price per hectare of land in other countries is: USA – USD7487, Canada – USD5667, the Netherlands – USD81,836, Luxembourg – USD42,700, Italy – USD40,200, Great Britain – USD28,140, Ireland – USD23,884, Denmark – USD20,794, Slovenia – USD20,000. You could buy a hectare of land at USD10,000–15,000 in Greece, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Finland two years ago. In Latvia, Croatia and Slovakia it is substantially cheaper – USD3600. Only the cost of a hectare in Romania (USD2500) is close to the projected price of land in Ukraine (slovoidilo.ua, 2019).
Thus, Ukraine is currently in the transition from regulatory to mass land valuation and the use of the EU INSPIRE Directive on the use of market value for land valuation and taxation in view of Ukrainian legislation will provide a full basis for land taxation.
Agrarian reform has become an integral part of general economic transformations in the country and makes radical changes in relations between producers and the state, organizational and legal forms of management and types of ownership (Martyn et al., 2019, 2020; Tykhenko, 2010b). From the moment when land use in Ukraine became paid, the most important economic function of land – its value as an object of trade, investment and taxation became important (Zakon, 2004).
Due to the development of market relations, the results of land valuation in recent years do not quite correspond to the current state of the economy of agricultural production (Openko et al., 2020). Until recently, the current methods of agricultural land valuation did not take into account the specifics of its direct use (Panas, Malanchuk, 2013; Seryy, 1986; Tykhenko, 2016).
In modern conditions, economic evaluation of agricultural land should be carried out primarily on the basis of differentiated assessment of its productivity through crop yields, taking into account the specifics of climatic zones and other conditions of a particular region (Openko et al., 2017; Shevchenko et al., 2017). At the same time, the current and future changes in weather and climatic conditions determine the increase of the use of agricultural land in almost all regions of Ukraine both in drained and irrigated areas.