Mobility and safety are the main characteristics of the city's urban strategies that regenerative cities adopt. This study is concerned with the mobility of pedestrians while crossing vehicle routes within urban developments. Several research groups recognise the negative-positive impact of ergonomic design in understanding human limitations and abilities; additionally, most researchers mentioned ergonomic design in the design of interior architecture elements, and a few have introduced it on an urban scale. So, research used ergonomic design to analyse pedestrian and vehicle movement. The research method adapted ergonomic design principles as a method to analyse human behaviour while crossing roads in an Egyptian context. After reviewing the relevant literature and Egyptian context, the authors discovered that studies show significant development occurred on Cairo's roads that threaten people's lives. The analysis tools used in research are questionnaires, surveys, and observations. The results concluded that both streets need more pedestrian-friendly designs and regulations.
TopIntroduction
The process of creating public places, workplaces, goods, and systems in the city to fit people’s wants and preferences is discussed in this chapter. We tackle the thoughts of ergonomics as a trend in city design based on people-oriented development (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1999; World Health Organization, 2021). In addition, seven characteristics of regenerative cities support the urban development method that attempts to form a beneficial relationship with the city ecosystem (World Health Organization, 2018). These characteristics are applied in urban strategies of cities, including mobility and accessibility, liveability, ecology, equity, Energy and Natural Resource Efficiency, resilience, and smartness (Hand, Weber, & Bluestone, 2017). Mobility and accessibility, cities increased their dependence on vehicles, which increased demand for fuel. Accordingly, the concept of regenerative cities focusses on shifting back to the movement of people to rebalance mobility options (Fayed, Elshater, & Rashed, 2020; Hassan, Rashed, & El Nagara, 2022). It is essential to design a suitable pedestrian network so focus on pedestrian movement while crossing roads through ergonomic design concept.
The ergonomic design of road carriageway and pedestrian cross paths became an essential factor in design because of drivers’ and pedestrians’ daily life experiences (Ahmed, et al., 2021; Anciaes & Jones, 2018; Chebanyuk, et al., 2020; Zafri, Rony, & Adri, 2019). The ergonomics field focuses on human abilities and limitations through deep investigation (Dohrmann Consulting, 2014; Eldar & Fisher-Gewirtzman, 2019). It is explained as the job to adapt workers’ needs, not the inverse by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2022). Moreover, Tayyari and Smith (1997) consider it a branch of science that focuses on the human and work environment. While previous research defines it as an interrelation between human and systems, where the human is the focus, and the scope of ergonomics include cognitive, physical, and organisational aspects (Shoubi, Barough, & Rasoulijavaheri, 2013). This field seeks to improve people’s interaction with the surrounding environment to reduce the risk of injury and harm (El Bardisy, Reuter, & Ismail, 2017; Elshater, et al., 2022; Shoubi, Barough, & Rasoulijavaheri, 2013). Research confirmed that road traffic injuries and death reduction are considered the main priorities in the design process due to the high death rate monitored globally (Bhalla & Gleason, 2020; Lin, et al., 2021).
Previous research addressed the challenge of creating ergonomic and convenient places for our daily lives (Ben-Bassat, et al., 2021; Ben-Bassat, Are ergonomically designed road signs more easily learned?, 2019), interior design furniture of home and workspace (Fusaro & Kang, 2021; Wang, Han, & Li, 2021; Saptaputra, Kurniawidjaja, Susilowati, & Pratomo, 2021). However, few studies discussed the feeling of human beings and their communication statically during road passing and safety, especially in the Egyptian context.