The conceptual, technological, and enabling frameworks of the original Industry 4.0 concept have all undergone significant changes. The next generation of Industry 4.0, also known as Industry 5.0, is emerging as a result of the evolution of Industry 4.0 and will require a combination of fresh new technologies. These breakthroughs come from a range of industries, such as artificial intelligence (AI), 5G technology and 6G mobile networks, ML with quantum computing, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI), 5G and 6G, and machine learning with quantum computing are expected to influence the original Industry 4.0. As mentioned, a new era of Industry 4.0 is currently emerging. The primary emerging enabling technologies for Industry 4.0 are surveyed in this chapter. Included in the topics mentioned are artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things, blockchain, 5G wireless technologies, 3D printing, biometrics, virtual and augmented reality, digital twin in 6G technology with case scenarios.
Top1 Introduction
The Industrial Revolution is not just looked upon as a historical event. It has consumed several technologies and delivered several innovations paving the way for economic, political and societal changes transforming lives. Industry 4.0 is also a term used to symbolise the huge shift in industrial technology that helped to connect several devices transforming lives delivering valuable services in field of Manufacturing, Communication, Healthcare, Food Processing, Bio-Informatics and Education. It was a term framed by German scientists and popularised by Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2015 at Davos, Switzerland. It takes its shape from the massive automated cyber physical systems used by manufacturing units, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, etc., The impact of networking technologies in empowering Industry 4.0 is summarised in this book chapter. The fourth Industrial Revolution is laid on the firm foundation of connected devices and Bots. The Networking technologies pave way for connecting devices, cloud platform and artificial intelligence modalities together to realise large Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS).
Table 1.
Industrial revolution and its consequences
Industry 4.0 has become a buzz word. This is an era of competitive business and customized products. It is important to stay competitive and make the company profitable. It is foremost need to satisfy the customers in timely manner. Hence the need for automation. There is a need for Unified business operations and production. It is important to resolve issues in all parts of a business, as they appear. It is important to prevent any unforeseen risk in business scenario. Analytics is a genre new to Industrial environment which has become pervasive and indispensable. With the advent of newer technologies, it is also needed to inbreed skilled labour and develop specialised skillset.
In this context, there is a need to connect all people, parts and machines involved in the unified business environment. It connects everyone and everything from manufacturing, production, Marketing, Retail and Sales. The machines and robots are all rendering lots of data. The security systems are streaming live footage of every second. The logistics systems are operated and monitored in real time with IoT(Internet of Things). This interconnectivity is paved by networking technologies ranging from wired, wireless, satellite to mobile standards.
Figure 1.
Industry 4.0 and large scale cyber physical systems
Top2. 5G Networking Technologies For Industry 4.0
Advanced industrial applications require larger number of devices to be connected to be controlled, monitored and maintained. The tools and techniques to harness the spectrum in this direction are also becoming prevalent. The comparison of 4G, 5G and 6G technologies is shown as below.
Table 2.
Comparison of wireless communication systems