Emergence of Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Systems in Healthcare Scenario

Emergence of Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Systems in Healthcare Scenario

Anamika Jain, Laxmikant Gautam, Nikhar Vishwakarma, Rajeev Sharma, Nishi Mody, Surbhi Dubey, Suresh P. Vyas
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 23
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch006
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Abstract

Nanotechnology has drawn the attention of many researchers for the delivery of therapeutics used in various medical applications. Liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles represent promising nanocarriers that efficiently encapsulate drugs, which prevents their degradation along with the control and sustained drug release. Despite the many advantages of these formulations, some of the drawbacks associated with them limit their application to a certain extent. Therefore, there is need for a novel nanocarrier that possesses all of their individual advantages and excludes their drawbacks. Currently, researchers are focused on developing a novel platform that is a hybrid of a polymeric and liposomal-based carrier that combines the peculiarity of both and excludes their shortcomings. Lipid hybrid polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) contain the hydrophobic biodegradable polymeric core surrounded by a lipid layer for intensification of biocompatibility. This chapter includes an introduction of LPNs along with their advantages, composition, and method of preparation.
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Polymeric Nanocarriers

Polymeric nanocarriers are nanosized polymeric colloidal particles which encapsulate potential therapeutics within their polymeric matrix or conjugate or adsorbed onto their surface. Nanometer size range of these carriers offers distinct advantages for the delivery of therapeutics. Due to their nanosize, the nanoparticles can invade deep into the tissue and blood capillaries, thus enhance uptake by the cells (Panyam, & Labhasetwar, 2003). Particle size, surface modification, surface charge, and hydrophobicity are important characteristics of polymeric nanoparticles which directly affect targeting behavior of NPs. Interaction of the polymeric NPs with the cell membrane and its penetration is greatly affected by particle size and size distribution (Kumari, Yadav, & Yadav, 2010). Surface charge is important for cellular internalization, it is a deciding factor whether nanoparticle flows into the blood or would adhere to cell or interact with cell membrane. Cell membrane possesses negative charge due to which cationic surface charge is prerequisite for cellular internalization.

Numerous polymers are available for the preparation of NPs may be of natural or synthetic origin. Natural polymers include chitosan, dextrin, alginate, agar, among them chitosan is more popular. Synthetic polymers used for NPs preparation are poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly (lactide-co-glycolide), polyethylenimine (PEI), Poly(lactide) (PLA), poly(glycolide) (PGA), poly(cyanoacrylates) (PCA), or polycaprolactone (PCL) etc (Plapied, Duhem, des Rieux, & Préat, 2011).

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