Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Technologies for Roadways: Harnessing Sustainable Power From Traffic

Introduction

The modern world's insatiable appetite for energy has brought forth unprecedented challenges related to resource depletion and environmental degradation. In this context, the concept of energy harvesting has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges by extracting energy from various ambient sources that would otherwise go to waste. This chapter focuses specifically on the potential of energy harvesting as a sustainable solution within the realm of roadways. Roadways serve as essential arteries of transportation and connectivity, but they also present a significant opportunity for energy recovery (Akin-Ponnle & Carvalho, 2021). The movement of vehicles along roadways generates kinetic energy that is currently dissipated as heat and noise. Energy harvesting technologies aim to capture and convert this mechanical energy into electricity, thereby offering a means to supplement power demands and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions.

The motivation behind harnessing energy from roadways is twofold. Firstly, it aligns with the global shift towards renewable energy sources and sustainability. By tapping into the abundant kinetic energy available on roads, we can contribute to a greener energy mix and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Secondly, it represents a step towards creating self-sustaining and intelligent infrastructure. Roadways integrated with energy harvesting technologies can power various applications such as street lighting, traffic management systems, and even charging stations for electric vehicles. Throughout this chapter, we will explore the underlying principles of energy harvesting, with a specific focus on electromagnetic energy conversion from vehicular motion. By understanding the mechanisms at play, we can unlock the potential of roadways to become energy sources in their own right. Additionally, we will delve into the technical challenges, benefits, and considerations associated with integrating energy harvesting systems into existing road infrastructure (Gholikhani et al., 2020).

Thus, this chapter sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of how energy harvesting can revolutionize the way we view and utilize roadways. As we journey through the subsequent sections, we will uncover the intricacies of electromagnetic energy harvesting, examine experimental setups and results, and discuss the applications and case studies that illustrate the transformative power of sustainable energy solutions for roadways. The concept of electromagnetic energy harvesting revolves around the conversion of mechanical motion, specifically kinetic energy, into electrical energy through the principles of electromagnetic induction. This process capitalizes on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a change in magnetic flux through a conductor induces an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage. By integrating appropriately designed coils, magnets, and other components, it becomes possible to harness the kinetic energy generated by various mechanical systems, including vehicular motion on roadways (Gholikhani et al., 2019).

Electromagnetic energy harvesting systems typically consist of three primary components: a moving mechanical element (such as vehicles passing over a road), a magnetic field generation component (often a magnet), and a coil or conductor that experiences a change in magnetic flux as the mechanical element moves relative to the magnetic field. This change in flux induces an EMF in the coil, creating an electrical current that can be harvested and stored for various applications. In the context of roadways, electromagnetic energy harvesting offers several advantages. The constant flow of vehicles generates a consistent source of kinetic energy, ensuring a relatively steady power output (Gareh et al., 2019). Additionally, the technology can be integrated into existing road infrastructure without significantly altering road design or traffic patterns. This adaptability makes electromagnetic energy harvesting an attractive option for sustainable power generation.