Dynamic Body Bias: A Transistor-Level Technique for the Design of Low-Voltage CMOS Analog Circuits

Dynamic Body Bias: A Transistor-Level Technique for the Design of Low-Voltage CMOS Analog Circuits

Vandana Niranjan
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 23
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-4974-5.ch004
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Abstract

The demand for portable device applications has grown immensely. For such applications, low voltage and low power operation is an essential prerequisite to prevent overheating and ensure reliable functioning. Low voltage operation curtails the total number, weight, and dimensions of batteries, and low power consumption extends battery life. The shrinking size of MOS transistors in CMOS processes necessitates the use of lower supply voltages. Since the threshold voltage of MOS transistor is not diminished at the same rate as the power supply voltage, analog designers face problems due to shrinking voltage headroom. One of the findings that can overcome the issues introduced by comparably high threshold voltages is based on the enactment of body bias approach. In such a solution, a relatively small potential is applied at body terminal of a MOS transistor to adjust its threshold voltage. This chapter discussed that body bias approach is an attractive opportunity for utilizing the body effect positively to improve the performance of low voltage-integrated circuits.
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Introduction

With the proliferation of portable battery powered electronic equipment, low power at low voltage design has become necessity in most of the VLSI circuits and systems. The demand for implantable medical devices such as pacemaker, neurostimulators, cardioverter defibrillator etc has also grown immensely in the last few decades. Further, to keep up large time interval between battery charge-recharge cycle all implantable electronic products need to have lower power consumption. This also ensures reduction in the weight, size and number of batteries used. Apart from this, low power at low voltage operation is imperative to prevent overheating of portable devices and ensure reliable functioning (Matej et al., 2018; Viera et al., 2018).

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