The resource that the global economy most heavily depends on is agricultural productivity. Nowadays, drones are widely used in a variety of civic applications, including agriculture. However, the aim of this work is to provide an overview of how unmanned aerial vehicles are used in agriculture fields. A development in drone technology for agricultural events can restructure the farm sector to become dynamic and intelligent rather than static and manual. Precision agriculture can be made more effective with the deployment of drones integrated with the proper camera, sensors, and integrating modules. The two main forces behind agriculture automation are precision agriculture and wireless sensor network. Drones, automation, and spectral cameras are all combined to increase the possibilities of managing crop yield and weed issues more effectively. The best design concept and analysis of an autonomous agricultural crop and weed management UAV are discussed. In order to meet the increasing need for food over the past few decades, farming practices have undergone a significant evolution.
Top1. Introduction
The sustainability of any economy is greatly influenced by the production of agriculture. India depends primarily on agriculture, but it is still far from adopting the most recent technologies to create high-quality farms. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) application in remote sensing, photogrammetry, and precision agriculture has already begun in developed nations. Precision farming is a concept that is currently being developed to increase productivity and agricultural yields while addressing all issues with labour and agricultural process performance that will immediately impact the agricultural production. This idea aims to conduct an ideal farming procedure. However, This UAVs' application in agriculture is still severely constrained and relies on a variety of criteria, including the weight, flying range, load capacity, construction, and cost of the UAVs themselves. Some studies looked into the systems, technologies, methods, and limitations of UAVs. The creation of a UAV necessitates the use of components and techniques including autonomous flight control, aerodynamic modeling and merging hardware and software systems. It is extremely quick and could lighten a farmer's workload. Drones have made significant advancements in recent years. They have had a big influence on agricultural operations because they have allowed farmers to save a lot of money, run their businesses more profitably, and enhance operational efficiency. Over the past few decades, agricultural drones have been the focus of extensive scholarly investigation. The use of small category remote pilot operated UAVs that weight less than 25 kg, including the payload, is the major emphasis of this study. Typically, these drones have small operating ranges and short flying times, which might vary from a minutes to hours. They are typically used for duties like agricultural monitoring, applying fertilizer, and applying pesticides. The Global agricultural drone market size forecast period 2022 to 2030 (USD Billion) is displayed Figure 1. (Aditya et al, 2016). For the past few decades, Precision farming has made use of remote sensing technologies for a different agricultural sectors, including crop phenology evaluation and yield prediction (Mulla et al, 2013) studied a list of research studies using drones for remote sensing with a variety of objectives., such as pest, pathogen, drought, and nutrient deficiency detection (Barbedo et al, 2019). Precision agriculture is used in a variable field of agricultural contexts, including pest detection and control, fertilization, irrigation, planting, and harvesting (Mahlein AK et al., 2016, Nawar S et al., 2017, Chlingaryan et al., 2018, Gautam et al., 2019, Lama et al., 2020). A variety of machine learning techniques and remote sensing technologies were used to assess agricultural yield output (Diaz-Gonzalez et al., 2022).
Figure 1. The Global agricultural drone market size forecast period 2022 to 2030 (USD Billion)
According to the findings, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are much more efficient than satellite systems at evaluating soil indicators and provide superior outcomes in terms of geographic resolution, information timeliness, and flexibility. Therefore, the use of UAVs for Agriculture field monitoring may improve the long-term sustainability of subsequent farming systems that must serve a population that is expanding worldwide. Drone technology integration with other technologies to optimize smart agriculture tasks like agricultural field surveillance, control and monitoring of crops and decision-making. Not only do advances in UAVs, sensor and other associated technologies, as well as their data transfer and various communication methods, need to be made in order to develop agricultural surveillance research (Alsamhi et al., 2021). To satisfy the demands of expanding food production and agricultural demand, the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles are growing in an agriculture fields.