Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, can present many opportunities for language learners to practice and improve their language skills, receive timely feedback on their performance, and customize their learning based on their needs and language proficiency. AI's benefits are not limited to second language (L2) learners. Instructors can also benefit from the novel generative AI technologies by using them in curriculum and lesson design, developing new teaching and assessment materials, or addressing diverse learner skills and needs. Despite AI's advantages, the main issue is how to design L2 environments effectively so learners can receive the best benefits from AI while reducing some associated drawbacks. This chapter argues that learning experience design (LXD) presents a road map for L2 instructors as they incorporate generative AI into their instruction. If the learning design is random and left to good intentions, achieving meaningful learning outcomes will also be left to chance. Following proven LXD guidelines may help alleviate the confusion around AI.
TopDesign Models For Emerging Technologies
Traditional ID practices utilize well-established models to guide the design process. Because the learning environment could be open-ended and fluid, ID models provide a framework for designers to conceptualize, plan, and execute instructional activities. Traditional models, such as the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation or ADDIE (Branson et al., 1975) and Dick and Carey Model (1978) use behavioristic learning theory, while Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction (1965) and Merrill’s Principles of Instruction (Merrill, 2002) use cognitivist learning theory. These older models also predominantly follow a linear design process. Compared to the behaviorist ID models, cognitivist models offer more flexibility; nevertheless, they are still structured models with little attention to technological developments and their impact on education.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Instructional Design: An applied field for designing, developing, and delivering learning experiences using a systems approach.
Second Language Acquisition (SLA): Sometimes called, second language learning, SLA refers to the process of a learning a new language.
Second Language (L2): A language spoken in addition to one’s native language.
Emerging Technology: A newly created technology or improvements in an old technology that are being discovered or realized.
Generative AI: Multimodal artificial intelligence that can produce text, images, and other forms of data.
Learning Experience Design (LXD): Method of creating learner-centered learning experiences to achieve learning outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Machines or software completing intellectual tasks usually completed by humans.