Design Thinking for Technology Supporting Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Developing Countries: Participatory Design for Inclusivity

Design Thinking for Technology Supporting Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Developing Countries: Participatory Design for Inclusivity

Adheesh Budree, Harsha Kathard
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 14
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3542-7.ch029
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Abstract

As medical technology progresses, it is necessary to investigate other methods of design for technology used by individuals with neuro-developmental disorder that are participative and inclusive in nature. Design Thinking is a methodology that has been successfully used to address technology development for neurodevelopmental disorder users, as is extends User Centered Design to become User Sensitive Inclusive Design. This chapter is concerned with assessing the use of participatory design, and in particular the Design Thinking methodology as a basis for the participative development of interfacing technology for use by individuals with neuro- developmental disorders, with a particular focus on developing economies with restrictions in budget and know-how. The chapter presents multi-disciplinary literature across both the information technology and medical sciences bodies of knowledge in order to arrive at an assessment and recommendations for implementation of inclusive technology projects for people with neuro-developmental disorders across the developing world.
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Intellectual Disabilities and Neuro-developmental Disorders

According to ‘International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health’ (ICF) published by the World Health Organization, the term disability is an all-encompassing term that includes activity limitations, physical and mental impairments, and participation restrictions, all which fall into a subset of a larger classification grouping which covers three main areas including environmental factors, body functioning and structure and activities and participation (WHO, n.d.). Mullin, Gokhale, Moreno-De-Luca, Sanyal, Waddington and Faundez (2013) specify neuro-developmental disorder (NDD) conditions as intellectual disabilities that are multifaceted in nature and are normally characterised by impairments in a large number of possible fields. These include cognition, communication, behaviour and/or motor skills. These typically are a result of abnormal brain development. Also falling within the NDD spectrum include communication disorders, intellectual disability, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia (Mullin et. al., 2013).

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