Spirometer is a pulmonary function test that assesses the strength of our lungs to measure the maximum amount of air that is breathed in and out. During physical therapy, spirometers are frequently employed to evaluate lung capacity and chest responsiveness. Yet, the majority of spirometers accessible in the market are both digital and come with a high cost. which cannot be affordable for a large population. A portable spirometer prototype designed for measuring lung volume and air flow rate can also serve to monitor a patient's health progress, particularly post-recovery from respiratory ailments. such as COVID, asthma, etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a massive toll on medical infrastructure, and this was especially true at the inception of this project. The proposed spirometer in this work is based on Arduino NANO and is It proves particularly valuable for individuals recovering from COVID-19 to evaluate their lung efficiency in the comfort of their own homes.
TopIntroduction
A spirometer is a medical device used to measure lung function and monitor respiratory health. It helps healthcare professionals monitor how well a person’s lungs are working by measuring a variety of respiratory parameters (Ravikumar, K. K et al., 2023). The primary function of a spirometer is to record the volume and flow of air into and out of the lungs during respiration.
The spirometer is an important tool in respiratory medicine and in pulmonary function testing (Azzahra, N. F et al., 2022). It plays an important role in the assessment and monitoring of lung health by measuring air volume and flow during inspiration and expiration.
The high cost of spirometry monitors is a challenge for many physicians in developing countries like India, making them unaffordable (Abinayaa, B et al., 2016). As a result, millions of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not receiving adequate care and treatment (Widianto, E. D et al., 2023).
It is therefore important to develop an affordable and reliable spirometer for these physicians to assess the respiratory health of their patients (Trivedy, S et al., 2020). These considerations drive the development of a product that tackles cost constraints while maintaining technical precision.
Designing or enhancing technology from the ground up while creating affordable technology is crucial for the growth of a civilization (Anandh, S et.al., 2020). We suggest designing and building a spirometer prototype module for a impoverished people and use biological applications (Kishore Kanna, R et.al., 2024). The first version of the spirometer was created using simple tools. With it, they can find out on real patients and were able to collect quantifiable data that was consistent with the findings (Ramaiya, I., & Othman, N. 2023).
Spirometry is vital for diagnosing lung diseases, monitoring pulmonary function, and assessing eligibility for various procedures (Radogna, A. V et.al., 2021). Although the American College of Physicians typically advises against spirometry for nonthoracic surgery, exceptions are made for patients with preoperative asthma or COPD (Hemanth, D. J. 2021).
Recent research indicates that spirometry, especially evaluating FVC and %VC, can help predict postoperative complications in high-risk patients undergoing abdominal or colorectal surgery (Maulana, R et.al., 2021).
Understanding lung volumes, capacities, and static measurements assists in identifying obstructive and restrictive lung patterns (Špaková, A et.al., 2024). Restrictive lung disease, often caused by obesity, affects FRC. Obstructive lung disease presents as a disproportionate reduction in maximum airflow (Yatnalli, V et.al., 2024).
Comprehensive spirometry exams offer crucial parameters, with predicted postoperative FEV1 being a significant indicator of complications after thoracic surgery, particularly when it falls below 30% (Lan, X et.al., 2024).
Spirometry refers to fundamental lung function tests that gauge both exhaled and inhaled air through a device called a Spirometer (Kishore Kanna, R et.al., 2024). This instrument assesses pulmonary function by measuring and recording the volume of air inhaled and exhaled (Mathew, P et.al., 2024). The connected computer then transforms the signals into numerical values and generates graphical representations known as spirograms (Wang, Z. L et.al., 2024).
This research underscores the vital role of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing COPD early. Despite COPD's global impact, underdiagnosis remains a challenge (Dadkhah, S et.al., 2024). GPs, being the initial point of contact in healthcare, play a crucial role in early detection.
The study demonstrates the effectiveness of a questionnaire-based screening program for identifying individuals at risk of COPD (Luckykumar Dwarkadas, A et.al., 2024). It underscores the importance of spirometric examinations and notes that the screening location affects participants' willingness (Kishore Kanna, R et.al., 2024).
The findings emphasize the necessity for increased focus on COPD in general practice, aligning with international guidelines that stress early detection through spirometry (Mohite, R. B et.al., 2023).