Compact Dual Fractal Curves-Based Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications

1. Introduction To 5G Communication

In the present era, fifth generation (5G) mobile communications technology is growing at a much faster rate (Prasad et al., 2021). This technology is not only able to accommodate the super fast speeds but also satisfy the low data rate requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) applications (Tarpara et al., 2018). It offers higher grade of operational functionality than other configurations of existing communication systems. Additionally it offers groundbreaking solutions that reach across the society. 5G can transfer voice and data concurrently and accurately. A huge growth in the 5G communication sector needs an efficient system with high speed, high throughput, low latency and superior spectrum utilization (Gholb et al., 2017). 5G will reach into every aspect of our business and personal lives, and also maintain a dominant position as the world’s foremost cellular technology (Kumawat & Joshi, 2021). It enables a new kind of network that connects everyone and everything to work collectively; therefore it has the capability to expand the mobile ecosystem into new realms (Ozpinar et al., 2020). Same radio frequencies are employed to run 5G systems and in currently available smart phones as well as in widely usable domain i.e. satellite communications. In reality, this technology has the capability to impact every industry, health care, transportation, agriculture, etc (Lota et al., 2017). Moreover, it demands for notable and significant solutions for structured antenna designing along with less degree of device complexity and integration. Antenna designing for 5G communication has received renewed attention from the antenna community. Recently, the interest of researchers in designing compact antennas based on multiple techniques for 5G applications has increased significantly (Hong et al., 2017). Such devices can greatly affect the desired parameters for 5G operation (Kumawat & Joshi, 2021). Compact antenna designs with excellent performance are highly demanded in the available limited space and strong interference scenario (Ozpinar et al., 2020). The choice of an efficient antenna system is considered as a crucial part of all devices and will impose few challenges including size, location and shape (Lota et al., 2017).