Computing in the cloud is the practice of providing data storage, processing power, and software applications over the Internet. Remote data centers give users access to computer resources rather than requiring them to depend on local servers or personal devices. These services are often categorized into three main models (Darwish, 2024): Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Key Characteristics of cloud computing is as follows:
Role of Cloud Computing in Smart Cities
Cloud Computing plays an important role in Smart Cities by offering scalable, flexible, and cost-effective solutions for data storage, processing, and analysis. It facilitates the integration of diverse urban systems, enabling cities to make informed decisions, enhance efficiency, and improve the overall quality of life for citizens (Sharma et al., 2024). Cloud computing role in Smart Cities is discussed below.
Data Storage and Processing
Smart Cities produce vast amounts of data through IoT devices, sensors, and various urban systems. The use of cloud computing provides options that are both scalable and cost-effective for the storage and processing of this data. Cloud-based storage ensures that Smart Cities can handle the massive volumes of information generated daily (Patel et al., 2023).
Real-Time Analytics
Cloud platforms offer the computing power required for real-time data analytics. Smart Cities can leverage cloud-based analytics to derive valuable details from the collected data, enabling more informed decision-making for urban planning, traffic management, and resource allocation.
Connectivity and Accessibility
Cloud services enhance connectivity in Smart Cities by providing a centralized platform accessible from various locations and devices. This fosters collaboration, efficiency, and seamless communication among different city components. Here, the advancement in wireless communication technology (4G, 5G) plays an important role (Joshi et al., 2023).
Resource Optimization
Cloud Computing enables Smart Cities to optimize resource usage. By utilizing the on-demand and scalable nature of cloud resources, cities can efficiently manage energy consumption, waste management, and other essential services.
Scalability and Flexibility
Smart Cities are dynamic and constantly evolving. Cloud Computing offers the scalability and flexibility needed to adapt to changing requirements. Cities can scale their computing infrastructure up or down based on the growth of IoT devices, population, or other factors.
Cost-Effective Solutions
Cloud services provide solutions that are both cost-effective and efficient for Smart Cities, removing the need for significant initial expenditures in information technology infrastructure. According to the pay-as-you-go concept, communities are only required to pay for the resources that they really use, which makes it a financially feasible alternative.
Security and Data Privacy
Cloud service providers invest heavily in security measures. Smart Cities can benefit from the robust security protocols implemented by cloud platforms, ensuring the protection of sensitive citizen data and critical infrastructure (Patra, 2017).