Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering of Glial Cells

Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering of Glial Cells

Youssef Ait Hamdan, Hassane Oudadesse, Laadraoui Jawad, Kamal Smimih, Hamid Kabdy, Samia Elouali, Nadia Eladlani, Mohammed Rhazi
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 26
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch021
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Abstract

Glial cells play a remarkable structural and functional role in the nervous system compared to neurons. However, damage to glial cells leads to degeneration and the onset of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) has a limited capacity for tissue regeneration. The use of chitosan-based biomaterials has emerged as a potential alternative solution to overcome these limitations. Interest in these biomaterials for CNS biomedical implementation has increased due to their ability to cross the BBB, their mucoadherence, and especially their hydrogel-forming capacity. In addition, their ability to form porous scaffolds and to carry cells and biomolecules has offered a means of achieving glial cell regeneration. Thus, this chapter aims to bring together recent work that highlights the potential of chitosan-based biomaterials suitable for glial cell tissue engineering.
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Glial Cell Degeneration And Pathology

Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally characterized by progressive neurological disorders marked by the selective loss of distinct populations of neurons. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are among the conditions historically associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and motor neurons, respectively (Davies and Maloney, 1976; Leenders et al., 1990; Xu-Friedman et al., 2001; Buskila et al., 2019b). However, a growing body of evidence suggests that dysfunction in glial cells may also play a significant role in the pathology of these diseases. In this section, we will provide an overview of how glial dysfunction contributes specifically to various neurodegenerative diseases (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

The physiological roles of glial cell

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