Challenges of Coalition Formations and Government: The Case of Some African Countries

Abstract

The establishment and existence of coalition governments, its theory, and practice have their roots and dominance mainly in the experiences of central, eastern, and western European countries. Coalition governments have become a norm in Europe. Between 1945 and 2014, 88% of the governments in Europe are regarded as coalition governments. Coalitions are mostly formed at any given time without establishing guidelines or a framework to work on. Coalition partners spend a lot of time managing coalitions rather than focusing on providing services to the people. This chapter is of the view that coalitions should be established to benefit the citizens and enhance governance and stability. Coalitions appear not to be working in most African states that are discussed in this chapter. Though there are many municipalities that are run through coalitions in South Africa, coalitions are blamed for instability and poor governance in the South African metros. The same can be said in the selected countries that are of specific focus in this chapter. This chapter will specifically look at the coalition governments in countries such as Mozambique, Lesotho, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. The challenges associated with coalitions will be discussed and possible solutions will be provided.