Any country's economy must prioritise the sustainable development of agriculture and related services. Understanding the effect of intelligent computing on sustainable agriculture requires examining the different challenges this study has brought up. About 600 research papers on intelligent computing for sustainable agriculture were gathered for the qualitative study. Additionally, 66 papers from the research papers that took a proper screening for relevance were selected. These papers have been divided into three categories: blockchain applications for sustainable agriculture, blockchain applications for IoT in agriculture, and the impact of machine learning and blockchain on agriculture. It was noted in all of the studies that there is growing interest in using technology for sustainable agriculture, and it was also noted that the majority of the study has only recently been started. Therefore, the application of modern technologies for security, trust, and confidentiality among stockholders may make sustainable agriculture viable.
Top1. Introduction
Sustainability has become a familiar term indicating the root cause of all-round developments across the globe. The key goal of sustainability is to offer the fundamental requirements of mankind at the moment and preserve resources for future generations. Sustainability has a greater area of interest to discuss climate change, sustainable agriculture, food security, consumerism, human interaction with technology, innovation and sustainable agriculture research. During the past ten years the world population constantly increasing and expected to reach 9.5 billion by 2050 for which an advanced agriculture system prevails to enhance the productivity and production with least inputs, efficient innovations and cost effective solutions for achieving the sustainable development goal (Paravar, et al, 2023; Sridhar et al, 2023). Subsequently the conclusion of the World War II, agriculture has undergone significant change. In particular, productivity in the production of the food and fibre has grown owing new technology, computerization, chemical usage, specialisation, and government plans that maximise the production. Because of these adaptations, some farmers can now produce additional food and fibre at lesser prices. These innovations have greatly aided the decrease in the farming dangers. Furthermore, it has some negative effects such as economic awareness in the food and agricultural productions, the breakdown of rural societies, groundwater contamination, soil depletion, greenhouse gas releases, air pollution, the drop of family farms, abandonment of the living and working situations of farmers, new fears to human health and safety due to the extent of new pathogens, and more. Considering those issues, there has been a growing awareness on sustainable agriculture and intelligent computing, in order to enhance food production and decrease the negative effects of environmental commodities and amenities (Pretty, 2008). By reducing the consumption of resources, pollutants, and CO2 emissions through the use of digital technology, farming operations may be able to reduce their negative effects on the quality of the soil and the air, resulting in long-term financial, economical, environmental, and social benefits (Abbate et al, 2023). Today, sustainable agriculture is gaining much support and acceptance with the help of Blockchain technology (BT), Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) for balancing the demand and scarcity of food and nutrition.