Artificial intelligence (AI) is a highly disruptive innovation in the 21st century that has gotten a lot of attention from professionals and academicians. AI offers numerous, and previously unheard-of, prospects for significant enhancements and fundamental changes in a variety of industries. Amazing things like driverless vehicles, face recognition payment, guide robots, etc. are now possible because of disruptive technology. More specifically, AI energizes digital business, supports the creation of smart services, and encourages digital transformation. The favourable features of AI, however, are given a lot of attention, whereas the negative aspects of AI, particularly among academia, are little discussed. Given the significance and universality of AI, greater research is warranted to examine the considerable negative effects that AI has on people, organizations, and society. Given the paucity of study on AI's negative aspects, this chapter's goal is to shed light on the possible harm AI could do to society.
Top1. Introduction
The decision to travel to a new location doesn't take much contemplation anymore. We no longer need to rely on perplexing address directions; instead, we can just open the map application on our phone and enter our destination.
How does the app discover the best route, the correct directions, and even the existence of obstacles and traffic jams? A few years ago, the only navigation method available was GPS (satellite-based navigation). However, consumers can now have a much better experience in their particular circumstances thanks to artificial intelligence (AI).
“You've probably dealt with one of the most prevalent types of artificial intelligence if you've ever asked Siri to help you find your AirPods or instructed Amazon Alexa to turn out the lights.”
There are many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI), but John McCarthy (2007) proposes the following one: “It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.” “Although it is related to the related job of utilizing computers to comprehend human intellect, AI should not be limited to techniques that can be observed by biological means.”
The ground-breaking book “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” by Alan Turing, which was released in 1950, however, marks the beginning of the artificial intelligence debate decades before this term. “Father of computer science” Turing poses the following query in this essay: “Can machines think?” Then he proposes a test that has become commonly known as the “Turing Test”, in which a human interrogator would attempt to differentiate between a computer-generated and a human-written text response. “Although this test has been under intense criticism since it was published, it nonetheless contributes significantly to the history of AI and continues to be a topic of discussion in philosophy because it makes use of linguistic concepts.”
“After that, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig published Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, which went on to become one of the most influential works on the subject. In it, they explore four potential objectives or definitions of AI, differentiating between computer systems based on their reasoning and thinking vs acting:”
Human approach:
Ideal approach:
Alan Turing’s definition would have fallen under the category of “systems that act like humans.”
“Artificial intelligence is a topic that, in its most basic form, combines computer science and substantial datasets to facilitate problem-solving. Additionally, it includes the branches of artificial intelligence known as deep learning and machine learning, which are commonly addressed together. These fields use AI algorithms to build expert systems that make predictions or categorize information based on incoming data.”
Even to skeptics, “the launch of OpenAI's ChatGPT appears to signal a turning point in the hype cycle that artificial intelligence has seen over the years. The advancements were in computer vision the last time generative AI was this significant, but today it is in natural language processing. Additionally, generative models may also learn the grammar of software code, chemicals, natural photographs, and many other sorts of data in addition to language.”
The “potential uses for this technology are still being investigated, but they are expanding daily. But as the excitement surrounding the application of AI in business picks up, discussions about ethics become essential importance.”
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a highly disruptive innovation in the twenty-first century that has gotten a lot of attention from professionals and academicians. AI offers numerous, and previously unheard-of, prospects for significant enhancements and fundamental changes in a variety of industries. Amazing things like driverless vehicles, face recognition payment, guide robots, etc. are now possible because of disruptive technology.