Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Review

Some Milestones/ Innovations During 20Th Century (Desai, R., 2017)

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  In 1923 Karel Čapek play “Rossum's Universal Robots” in London, first use of the word “robot” in English.

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  In 1943 Foundations for neural networks laid.

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  In 1945 a Columbia University alumni Isaac Asimov, coined the term Robotics.

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  In 1950 Alan Turing presented Turing Test for evaluation of intelligence

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  In 1956 John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence.

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  In 1958 John McCarthy invents LISP programming language for AI.

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  In 1964 Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT revealed that computers can understand natural language to solve algebra word problems correctly.

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  In 1965 Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT built ELIZA, an interactive problem that carries on a dialogue in English.

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  In 1969 Scientists Developed Shakey, a robot, equipped with locomotion, perception, and problem solving.

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  In 1973 The Assembly Robotics group built Freddy, the Scottish Robot, capable of using vision to locate and assemble models.

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  In 1979 The first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle, Stanford Cart, was built.

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  In 1985 Harold Cohen created and demonstrated the drawing program, Aaron.

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  In 1990 Major advances in all areas of AI such as Significant demonstrations in machine learning, Case-based reasoning, Multi-agent planning, Scheduling, Data mining, Web Crawler, natural language understanding and translation, Vision, Virtual Reality and Games were introduced.

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  In 1997 The Deep Blue Chess Program beats Garry Kasparov the then world chess champion.

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  In 2000 Kismet a robot with a face that expresses emotions was displayed, Robot Nomad explored remote regions of Antarctica and interactive robot pets became commercially available.