Artificial Intelligence and Robotics-Based Minimally Invasive Surgery: Innovations and Future Perceptions

Introduction

Artificial intelligence is the term for computer simulations of human intelligence (Hameed et al., 2021) (Datta et al., 2019) (Beam et al., 2018) (Barua et al., 2023). Tasks requiring intelligence akin to that of a human, for example, visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, identification of the pattern, and language processing, can all be carried out by artificial intelligence systems (Graham et al., 2019) (Jeste et al., 2020). Modern robotics, computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing are a few of the subfields of artificial intelligence (Hashimoto et al., 2020) (Barua et al., 2023) (Morrow et al., 2023). The automation of some repetitive operations by artificial intelligence can increase hospital productivity. AI systems, particularly those that guide minimally invasive surgery, can create new opportunities for improving the efficacy and efficiency of surgical treatments by implementing machine learning algorithms (De Simone et al., 2022) (Datta et al., 2019). AI will play a more and bigger part in surgical learning as time goes on. Figure 1 shows the application of AI in modern healthcare systems. A specific type of medical practice called surgery includes employing direct physical techniques to intervene in a body part that has been harmed by disease or damage (Barua et al., 2021). To perform exact movements, the surgeon needs to plan and regulate their actions properly. For effective tool location and operation, high-quality images and complete operational field knowledge are required. Either physically present or virtually, the surgeon processes information (Barua et al., 2022). The completion of the assumed goal, or the operation's outcome, should be measurable and verifiable. Only after that can it be used to raise the caliber of the work done, enable automation, and eventually ensure the independence of medical robots (Sundaram et al., 2022). The process is a part of the patient's comprehensive treatment strategy. Utilizing instruments, a team, equipment, biological or artificial materials, and biological or artificial phenomena to create a specific influence on biological tissues is attainable and effective with the help of surgical planning (Barua et al., 2023). The surgeon needs both conditioning and motor skill coordination to assimilate information while doing surgery. The information obtained via education, practice (which is improved by knowledge and experience), and diagnosis is provided by the human senses (Barua et al., 2022).

Figure 1.

AI implementation in modern healthcare systems

The standard and effectiveness of teaching could be raised by using AI in surgical learning (Figure 2), which would ultimately lead to better clinical outcomes (Ahmed et al., 2020) (Meinzer et al., 2020). It is extremely likely that the use of AI in surgical training will increase as both technology and the field of surgery continue to progress (Desiderio et al., 2015). As the potential and capacities of AI continue to expand, this integration will undoubtedly occur in ways that are currently challenging to predict or fathom (Hameed et al., 2021) (Datta et al., 2019). Artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical training has the potential to radically change how surgeons are educated and raise the bar for surgical care in general (Taha et al., 2022).

Figure 2.

AI application in modern surgery arrangements

(Zhou et al., 2020)