The present world and economy are driven by technological changes and innovation-keen individuals across all areas. Given the speed at which machine learning, AI, and deep learning have developed as of late, these new advances are without a doubt expected to influence how we live and work. One region where this worldview may stand apart today as well as in what is in store is the 'medical care and related management' that empowers the utilization of these technology-based tools and techniques to detect (identify), diagnose (conclude), handle information (processing of data), and examine (analysis of data) rapidly. The objective of this chapter is to provide the reader with an idea about the technological aspects (and their related components) involved in the healthcare services sector in India. This is specifically in the context of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector. This chapter outlines the fundamental ideas behind artificial intelligence (AI), as well as its various subtypes and medical-related applications.
Top2. What Is Industry 4.0? (Carvalho & Cazarini, 2020)
Industry 4.0 is a framework for faster, smarter, and more advanced manufacturing. This framework has three elements viz. smart plant, smart, production, and smart logistics to achieve the desired goals.
2.1 Industry 4.0: Origin
The term “Industry 4.0” comes in the context of a new industrial revolution that has an emphasis on automation and integration. It includes state-of-the-art technological innovations and helps in both customized and faster production (of goods) (Kagermann, et al., 2016). This term originated in Germany in 2011, referring to changes directly linked to automation fields integrated with information technology (Carvalho and Cazarini, 2020).
Furthermore, this Fourth Industrial Revolution aims to manufacture products through automation. The aim is to improve productivity through “intelligent devices.” A hallmark of this Fourth Industrial Revolution is the (systematic and planned) integration of the Internet and production processes using smart devices (such as small sensors), and artificial intelligence on machines (Schwad, 2016).
2.2 Industry 4.0: Key Aspects
Industry 4.0 is a junction of three general aspects to consider: smart plant, smart production, and smart logistics (Carvalho and Cazarini, 2020), (Zhou et al., 2016).
Figure 1 shows the interconnection between these three aspects.
Figure 1. Key Aspects of Industry 4.0.
“Smart Plants” can be seen as an extension of digital factories. This is a key component of future smart infrastructure. We focus on strong and efficient production setups and processes, and the performance of network distribution in production facilities that make up the factory layout (Kagerman, 2015).
Further, (Kagermann, 2015) stated that logistics management and industry-wide production are related to “intelligent production.” Human-to-machine (H2M) interaction as well as the application of 3D/4D technology in industrial processes are supported by this. These processes are part of a high-capacity industrial chain with aspects like personalization, flexibility, and active participation (in a network).
The Internet supports “Intelligent Logistics.” The network can get a service match for logistical support if it interacts with the high performance of logistics resource efficiency on both the supply and demand side. (Anderl, 2014) believes that there are three parameters comprising Industry 4.0 – the plant, production, and logistics, and are independent of each other. The purpose of smart manufacturing is to create customized products for customers.
3. Industry 4.0 And Medical/Healthcare Services
Artificial intelligence, human psychology, the Internet of Things, machine learning, big data mining, and augmented reality are just a few of the modern technologies used in the healthcare sector. Some factors need more consideration, but Industry 4.0 is ready to take the next step. Indeed, it is causing a paradigm change in the healthcare sector (Popov et al., 2022).