Abstract
Nanomaterials have been attracting the attention of many researchers because of their size, high stability, affinity, and selectivity nature. Over the past decades, considerable intensive studies on many metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials have drawn consideration through their significant properties like size, shape, surface mass proportion, and their reactivity; all these properties are fundamental cornerstones for the turn of events and use of nanomaterials and nanoscale gadgets in biomedical areas. There is also a vast scope for a broad range of biofunctional applications such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, bioimaging, tissue engineering, biosensors, gene, and drug delivery. The authors review the nature, forms, and synthesis of nanomaterials here, with a thorough biological synthesis assessment. They also address the development of nanoparticles by microorganisms in depth, and this chapter also includes updates on different biological and biomedical applications of these bionanomaterials.
TopBackground
Bio-imaging, targeted drug deliveries, computed tomography’s, and magnetic hyperthermia are important biomedical applications that use to treat cancer. In chemotherapy transport of anticancer drugs to the tumor depends on the circulatory system. Results were not promising from this treatment, for example, non-explicitness and poisonousness of the medication, whereby the medications will likewise affect the healthy cells and organs. Consequently, directed medication conveyance is being created as one safe option in contrast to chemotherapy treatment. The point of focused medication conveyance is to guide the medication to the particular territory where the tumor is found and consequently expand the measure of medication conveyed at the tumor site and decrease the results. Anticancer medications could be delivered to the tumor's precise location, avoiding exposure to healthy cells in the immediate area. Presently different metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are being utilized to convey anticancer medications to target explicit territories (Kango et al., 2013).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Antimicrobial Activity: Inhibition or killing of growth of microorganisms through preventing the formation of colonies.
Biodegradability: Eco-friendly degradation of materials by the action of soil microbes.
Nanomaterials: A metal or metal oxide material, its size ranges from 1-100nm.
Biocompatibility: Compatibility of agent (drug) towards living organisms/cells/tissue.
Biosynthesized Nanomaterial: Nano-sized material which is synthesized using biological entities such as microbes and plant extract.
Drug Resistant: Reduction in effectiveness of drug/antibiotic, results in delaying in curing of disease or infection.
Biodistribution: Travelling and retaining of the agent (Drug/nanoparticles) inside the living system.