Application of Nanotechnology for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Economic Development

Introduction

Since the beginning of agricultural practices, humans have been utilizing the natural resources. During the industrial revolution, the propensity of this unchecked affliction to Mother Nature reaches its height. The first industrial revolution introduced mechanization, which was quickly advanced by mass manufacturing in the second industrial revolution and digitalization in the third. However, the so-called modernization of the economy via rapid industrialization has not yet addressed the fundamental issues facing human society, such as ensuring access to food, reducing poverty, providing high-quality healthcare, and eliminating inequality. Furthermore, the intensive use of natural resources has negative effects on biodiversity and environmental sustainability. A sizeable portion of the global population is currently afflicted with serious health problems and complex genetic disorders. The scarcity of wholesome foods is threatened by a sharp increase in agricultural output brought on by a rising tendency for climate change, specifically the occurrence of either excessive rainfall or extreme drought. Given that a larger percentage of the population is still dependent on agriculture, particularly in emerging countries, recession is thus becoming a common phenomenon in the agricultural sector and is leading to enormous economic loss. The industry must play a significant role in the development of eco-friendly technology to address these critical environmental and social concerns. 4.0. The United Nations' member nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2015, and they are expected to be completed by 2030.

One of the most revolutionary discoveries of the 20th century was nanotechnology, which reveals the power of minute particles found in matter. Nanoparticles come in a variety of shapes and hues, each having a unique appearance. For instance, at a wavelength of 20 nanometers, the colours of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and palladium (Pd) are red, yellowish grey, and black, respectively. The substance exhibits elevated physical and chemical properties at the nanoscale, or between 1 and 100 nm, which leads to cutting-edge changes in all economic sectors. Agriculture, water treatment, medical science, the cosmetics industry, the automotive, aerospace, telecommunication, defence, waste management, biotechnology, the food processing industry, genetics, information technology, and other areas of human civilization are just a few of the many fields where nanotechnology is revolutionizing society. As a result of the internal potential of nanoparticles, natural chemicals are more effective at overcoming current environmental issues, resulting in the eco-friendly and sustainable economic development of society. Cosmetics, customized drug delivery systems, the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, and faster and more effective faster and more efficient faster If the microprocessors in batteries use less power, the batteries can keep more charge and operate for longer. The use of nanotechnology has a substantial positive impact on both achieving the goals of sustainable development and addressing the challenges posed by global warming and climate change. Other uses of this technique include recycling waste and removing contaminants from soil and water. Due to the increasing frequency of harsh weather patterns and the rising global food need, indoor farming systems are swiftly gaining popularity as an alternative agriculture technique. Nanomaterials play a vital role in the manufacture of an effective nutrition solution, which is crucial for soilless agricultural operations. Bio-based nanoparticles have become an environmentally friendly and sustainable substitute for synthetic chemicals and dangerous metals in the industrial sector. The demand for environmentally friendly microchips built on 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials is rapidly increasing as a result of the increasing digitalization of different aspects of the economy. This is particularly true in the time period after the COVID standard. Additionally, nanoparticles are crucial in the creation of bioplastics, an environmentally friendly replacement for conventional plastics. Nanotechnology is the science of creating nanoparticles of different chemical compositions, shapes, and sizes and employing them to enhance human wellness. Because of their greater surface-to-volume ratio and ability to communicate different features, nanoparticles can be utilized in specialized applications. Different cutting-edge nanotechnology methods point us in the direction of achieving sustainable development objectives.