Application of Extremophiles in Medicine and Pharmaceutical Industries

Application of Extremophiles in Medicine and Pharmaceutical Industries

Nidhi Yogeshbhai Patel, Shivani Maheshkumar Yagnik, Dhritiksha Mansukhbhai Baria, Vikram Hiren Raval
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 26
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9144-4.ch013
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Abstract

Extremophiles are at center stage of scientific interest owing to their peculiar properties in terms of physiology, ecology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics. The bio-active compounds from extremophiles involve various types of extremolytes. The functional applicability of extremophiles has been far-reaching. Looking to the global scenario medical, pharmaceutical and allied healthcare sectors have a persistent surge for a novel anticancer, antimicrobial, stable drug deliverables, nutraceuticals, fine chemicals, natural antioxidants, and bio-polymers compounds. Genetic engineering tools clubbed with -omics approach enhance and better the chances for applicability of the extremophilic metabolites in varied sectors of red and yellow biotechnology. The chapter provides an insight into the various types of bio-active molecules from extremophiles and their wide biotechnological applicability in the medical and pharmaceutical industry.
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Diversity And Eco-Physiological Adaptations Of Extremophiles

Extremophiles are diverse microorganisms and endure extremities, show peculiarities for persistence and progression. The acquaintance of bioactive molecules, enzymes and novel compounds from extremophiles exemplify and render enhanced attention (Patel et al., 2021). However, the higher life forms are unable to withstand extremities when compared with the bacterial and archaeal counterparts. Concerning eco-physiological adaptations, extremophilic microbes are well classified via extreme ambiences and the geophysical constraints viz. temperature, pH, salinity, ionizing radiation, and osmotic pressure. Based upon peculiarities, robustness, and diversity many adaptation strategies has been employed by extremophiles viz. high salt-in, salting-out, compatible solute synthesis, sodium pump, chloride pump, osmoregulation, pH, etc. (Amoozegar et al., 2019).

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