An Overview of E-Mobility-Based Threats to the Power Grid: Introduction to Smart Grids and Mobility Ecosystem

Ii. Ev Infrastructures And Concerns

As the ownership of electric vehicles grows, the prospect of large-scale EV charging presents significant challenges to power system planning, operation, and the electricity market. Even at relatively low levels of EV ownership, the uneven geographical distribution of EVs gives rise to issues within local power grids. The inherent, uncontrollable EV charging load leads to predicaments such as equipment overload, power loss, voltage fluctuations, decreased component lifespan, and compromised power supply reliability (Xiang Y et al., 2019).

The charging stations also do not flourish in abundance owing to the hardware expenditure, installation costs, uncertainties in utilization, lack of standards, etc. The operational costs such as maintenance purchase and local tariff also needs to be considered. There is concern of degradation of the batteries in case of fast charging. The temperature and state of the charge keeps varying rapidly in the battery due to the charging and discharging process and there exists a concern on lifetime and degradation of the batteries.