An Insight Into Research and Investigations of Gray Mold Focused on Botrytis cinerea

Introduction

Biotechnology has played key role in an attempt of the investigators to find out solution to the food problem of the growing population across the world. The advantages of biotechnology such as synthesis of useful products from whole organisms or parts of organisms with sustainable pathways, make it most important technology in agricultural research. modern day agriculture focuses on the crop yield, cost and space. recent development in technology allows real time measurement of humidity, temperature, wind and other meteorological parameters(ayaz et al., 2019; lakhiar et al., 2018; sierra et al., 2018; xia & sun, 2002; zhang et al., 2018). Application of computational fluid dynamics helps to reduce dispersion of spray and helps to provide optimum dosage of pesticides and fungicides accurately(azeta et al., 2019; ginige & sivagnanasundaram, 2019; nandhini et al., 2019; saiz-rubio & rovira-más, 2020; zhu et al., 2018). This helps to reduce environmental footprints of pesticides and fungicides. rendering environmental friendliness to the application method and synthesizing new varieties of crops have been objectives of most of the investigations in agricultural sector. plants such as grapes, raspberries, strawberries are considered as cash crops. many useful compounds are synthesized from them. Pharmaceutical intermediates, products are synthesized from plants which have medicinal properties. Climatic conditions and soil properties are manipulated for confined and safe cultivation of these plants. it results in reduction in temperature and change in humidity, which in turn causes growth of undesirable species and diseases in the plants. The most common among these species is the fungi botrytis cinerea. Many crops are affected adversely due to botrytis cinerea (b. cinerea). Botrytis cinerea is one of the necrotrophic plant pathogens which can affect more than 500 plant species(li et al., 2018). Worldwide the losses because of this species are estimated to be around $10 billion to $100(anco & michael, 2011). Botrytis blight is one important disease caused due to botrytis cinerea in onion, flower and fruit crops (anco & michael, 2011; chilvers & toit, 2006; hansen, 2016; schraufnagel & hudelson, 2004). It has adverse effect on wine grapes and many other plant species. Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus which causes infection in crops. Cash crop like strawberry gets adversely affected due to this fungus(petrasch et al., 2019). Gray mold is one of the major reasons for rejection of crops in the market. climate resistance of the microorganisms is becoming a severe challenge to the investigators (weber & entrop, 2011). Many investigators consider botrytis cinerea as model organism for investigation on the microbial species that spoil crops and plants. Higher degrading potential and huge economical footprints of botrytis cinerea on crop yield make it ideal representative of such spoiling agents(de simone et al., 2020). Also, it has ability to develop resistance to fungicides. The worrying factor for investigators is the multiple fungicide resistance in fungicides with different plant hosts(sabrina et al., 2017).