An Exclusive Survey on Metamaterial-Based Fractal Antennas for Wireless Applications

Abstract

Fractal geometry has emerged as a promising technique for optimizing microstrip patch antennas, meeting the increasing demand for compactness and efficiency in wireless communication systems. This involves incorporating fractal elements into conventional microstrip patch antenna designs, highlighting methods for achieving compact, multiband operation. When combined with fractal antennas, metamaterials enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic wave manipulation, improving control over the antenna's radiation pattern, polarization, and frequency response. The combination of fractal antennas and metamaterials presents an intriguing opportunity for advancing antenna design with the potential for enhanced performance, reduced size, and increased effectiveness. Metamaterials are artificially created materials that possess unique features that are not present in materials that occur naturally. These devices can be engineered to control electromagnetic waves in non-traditional manners resulting in a wide range of uses in antennas and other areas.