Abstract
The chapter explores demographic aging data in Europe and the world, but more precisely in Portugal. A gradual increase in seniors and a reduction in youth characterize demographic evolution. In the chapter, the factors leading to these phenomena will be identified and duly explained, as well as the responses developed for their effect. One of the objectives is to identify solutions and answers for healthy and stimulated aging at institutions and professional areas, such as sociocultural animation. Despite several designations worldwide, its purpose is the same: to provide moments of leisure, stimulation, and learning to the entire population. In this sense, lifelong learning is a concept to be explored.
TopIntroduction
This chapter aims to understand the concepts related to aging on a statistical, demographic, social, and individual level. It is essential to provide knowledge about the Portuguese population and the world and how it has been aging quickly.
One of the objectives is to reflect on the existing responses for this population and whether they are adequate. Another one is to perceive the transformations that have emerged over time due to this population and to reflect on the transformations that will take place in the future. It will also discuss the term mental health and how important it is for the well-being and quality of life of the elderly.
In addition, the term lifelong learning will be explored; what it is, what sense it makes, and what are the benefits and what is its connection to the elderly population, as much in their cognitive development as in their personal and social development.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Sociocultural Animation: It is an area of social intervention for any age group, depending on the needs. It develops activities in several scenarios and organizations to occupy free time. It involves numerous art techniques, music, cognitive stimulation, games, etc.
Individual Aging: Biological, psychosocial, and other changes related to old age that depends on each individual. Each human being has an aging process accompanied by differentiated experiences.
Lifelong Learning: Learning occurs outside a formal educational institute, such as a school, university, or others. Intentional learning that occurs throughout life focuses on personal development.
Quality of Life (QOL): Physical, mental, and psychological well-being without the appearance of age-related diseases. This concept includes several domains: emotional state, social interaction, cultural, ethical, religious values, and satisfaction.
Active Aging: Aging process with continuous participation in society's social, economic, cultural, and civil issues. It aims to increase healthy life expectancy and quality of life.
Mental Health: It is to feel great and healthy, personally and in relationships with others, providing the individuals with productivity, self-realization, satisfaction, and well-being.
Social Responses: They are institutions and/or services provided to the population according to their needs. In aging, we have day centers, social centers, and nursing homes.