Advancement in Agricultural Techniques With the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing

1. Introduction

Agriculture, despite being the most fundamental component of human existence, is the most neglected field in the world because farmers are reluctant to adopt new technologies. This is despite the fact that agriculture is the most essential component of human existence. Farmers are still resistant to adopting new technologies and using non-traditional agricultural practices (Tripathi, et al. 2022). We reside in a nation where 70% of the population is agriculturally dependent. Therefore, this field is significant not only for food but also from an economic standpoint. According to numerous estimates, human food demand will increase by up to 70% (Business Bliss Consultants FZE, 2018, Searchinger, et al., 2019, Vasudevan, 2016) by 2040 compared to current levels. Therefore, we should take concrete measures to eliminate food waste caused by human error. Due to the increase in machine development, this industry has undergone a dramatic transition during the past half century. These developments increase the size, speed, and productivity of farm machinery, allowing for the cultivation of more areas in a more efficient manner. The use of hybrid seeds, improved irrigation techniques, and new types of fertilizer have all contributed to a growth in agricultural production. Currently, a new agricultural revolution is being fueled by data and connection. Detecting weeds, enhancing irrigation techniques and other input efficiency, and promoting crop production's sustainability and resiliency could all contribute to a production increase. Machine learning (ML), image processing analytics, (Tyagi, et al. 2022), networked sensors, and other emerging technologies may contribute to a production increase. As we all know, information is power, and technological advancements allow for the monitoring of crops at various stages. These innovations have facilitated the adoption of automated solutions in numerous industries. As technology progresses, its applications grow increasingly diversified and widespread. These are the steps that are followed by every farmer for agricultural techniques that make farming easier, as shown in Figure 1.

1.1 Agricultural Practices

• Practise 1: Seed selection

• Practise 2: Soil preparation

• Practise 3: Sowing

• Practise 4: knowing requirement of crop (Manuring, irrigation, weeding etc.)

• Practise 5: Harvesting

• Practise 6: Post harvest Storage

Figure 1.

Various agricultural practices [5]

Broadly, the agricultural practices are divided into three major parts i.e. Pre-Harvesting, Harvesting, Post-Harvesting as illustrated in Fig. 2, and the further division is illustrated in Fig. 3.

Figure 2.

Agriculture task categorization

Figure 3.

Classification of agricultural stages

Multiple approaches exist for increasing the production of agricultural-based products with minimal effort. The different pre-requisites required before cultivation are discussed as below: