Additive Manufacturing Developments in the Medical Engineering Field

3D Printing Processes In Tissue Engineering

In the tissue engineering process, the live cells, biomolecules, and polymers are properly mixed and form the engineering structure of the tissue in vivo (Figure 1). (Badekila et al., 2021).

Figure 1.

Important Stages in the 3D-Printing Process in Tissue Engineering

Live cells are used to make the ‘bio-ink’ in which all cells are living in vivo. The bio-molecular building blocks are built by adding bio-ink with polymers for easy flow. It has been used to make tissues and organs. Then organs are built by tissue engineering polymers with the reference of computer-added tissue or organ models. Various additive manufacturing techniques have been used to fabricate bio-molecules in vivo format (Bongiovanni Abel et al., 2020). The computer-aided tissue engineering principles are also illustrated below.