A New Entrepreneurship Model for Digital Enterprises: Career Entrepreneurship

Introduction

Today's technology has become a global structure with the development of the information network. The Internet accelerates the distribution and transmission of information and has improved information technology. The combined development of the Internet and technology has made its technological devices compatible with each other (Davidson, & Vaast, 2010). This adaptation has revealed many applications. Smartphones, social media, information technology applications, computers, and technologies where information has been adapted with innovation have also raised many ideas of entrepreneurial (Ghezzi, & Cavallo, 2018). Developing information technology through constant innovation and adaptation enabled new initiatives, creative ideas, and innovative actions to develop (Giones, & Brem, 2017).

Developing countries have begun to provide incentives to adapt to this development (Hafezieh, Akhavan, & Eshraghian, 2011). Developing countries increase the importance given to technology to ensure economic development, to enter international markets, to increase the competitiveness of national enterprises, to add information technology to companies' value chains, and to create new initiatives (Hair et al., 2012). The free market economy that emerged with globalization has triggered competition between countries with the development of information technology (Ziyae, Sajadi, & Mobaraki, 2014). Entrepreneurs looking for new markets in the face of unlimited consumer needs can reach consumers in different countries via the internet (Hull et al., 2007).

Thanks to the information processing, storage, transmission, and transformation of information technology, new initiatives have been paved to meet evergrowing consumer needs (Kelestyn, & Henfridsson, 2014). The Internet is an important factor that enables continuous renewal for these initiatives (Sussan, & Acs, 2017). With the Internet, businesses can enter new markets, gain different customers, and advertise on social media (Richter, Kraus, & Syrjä, 2015). On the other hand, the most important factor in the emergence and implementation of new entrepreneurial ideas in the information age is human (Richter et al., 2015). Entrepreneur-customer interaction in the digital environment enables different innovations to emerge. This free and competitive environment has raised the problem of the efficient use of human resources by businesses in developing countries.

The efficient use of human resources in enterprises will enable new initiatives, innovations, and creative ideas to be realized (Mtima, 2009). The ease of interaction and communication requirements of the information society with technological innovations necessitates the development of knowledge, skills, and abilities in employee-leader, entrepreneur-customer relations (Nambisan, 2017). It is necessary to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the digital world and focus on human resources management, career development, workforce planning, talent management for new initiatives (Ngoasong, 2018). These elements reveal career management.

Career management is an important type of management that provides efficient management of human resources, regulates the relations of individuals with the organization, and increases commitment to the organization (Greenhaus, Callanan, & Godshalk, 2010). This type of management has gained considerable momentum today through information and communication technology (ICT) (Scholarios et al., 2008). The increase of virtual applications and computer networks helps employees to develop a career and an intra-organizational career development strategy (Benson, Morgan, & Filippaios, 2014). ICT helps to define the requirements of a task or job, obtain technical information, and determine the qualification and competence criteria according to the characteristics of the job (Singh, 2020). Besides, this technology enables the efficient use of the network, access, interaction, and communication, which are important requirements of the digital world (Almeida, Fernandes, & Viollaz, 2020). For this reason, career development and management are more functional with ICT (Omar & Tajudeen, 2020).