Need for Herbal Hair Dyes
The application of synthetic hair dyes has been linked to cancer in certain studies. Greying of hair has led to extensive use of hair dyes. They can be classified as permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary (Bonefeld et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2016). The synthetic compounds have azo compounds, anthraquinones, triphenylmethanes, nitro-phenylenediamines, nitro-aminophenols and aminoanthraquinones, diffuse into the cortex and pass through hair cuticles and direct dyestuff and lead to swelling of the cuticle (Boga et al., 2013; Packianathan & Karumbayaram, 2010; Scarpi et al., 1998). Hair dyes have certain ingredients that were categorized as sensitizers. Repeated exposure to these substances induced an allergic reaction or severe illness. Thus, hair dye users should be aware of the contents of the products, the instructions on the package, and the varying side effects that can occur (Helaskoski et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2016; Yazar et al., 2012). As a result, consumers of hair dye products were advised to conduct skin reactions 48 hours before applying the formulation to their hair to avoid severe allergic reactions. There is insufficient or inconsistent evidence that connected the use of dyes with cancer incidences in those who dye their hair at home. Therefore, more efforts are needed to clarify the significance of hair dying in the public domain. Numerous cases of dermatitis caused by hair dye could have been overlooked, and severe dermatitis could have lasted for a prolonged period (Kim et al., 2016; Søsted et al., 2013).
Hair greying is common today due to certain which including g changing lifestyles to tackle this problem people use synthetic powders that have poor rinsing properties lack standard colouring and limited colour shades. So it was proposed to come with the natural as well as good rinsing property formula of hair dye. Also, the so-called herbal dye does contain chemicals that have many undesirable effects like skin irritation, allergy and in extreme conditions cancer (Hamann et al., 2014; Jamagondi et al., 2019; Mallya & Ravikumar, 2015; Takkouche et al., 2005; Tobin & Paus, 2001). There were components in synthetic hair dyes that can trigger allergies, cause problems with the hair, scalp, and skin, and do not have any health benefits. The natural dye acted as a safe alternative to synthetic colourants and has no problems with allergy (Harling et al., 2010; Shahi et al., 2017). Certain synthetic hair dyes contain dyes modifiers antioxidants, amino compounds, wetting agents, alkalizing agents, and oxidizers. These cause hair brittleness, hair damage loss of shine, and manufacturing environmental hazards. To get rid of these issues it was proposed to use some of the herbal resources in the formulation of dye (Boga et al., 2013; Holmes, 1964; Koh, 2011; Packianathan & Karumbayaram, 2010). The use of chemicals in hair dyeing has led to side effects on the skin. The major drawback of powdered colourants was their poor rinsing property (Andrzej et al., 2005; Mallya & Ravikumar, 2015).
The permanent synthetic hair dyes were used they have a lustrous finish and were available in vivid colours. But they were hypersensitive to some individuals. The main objective was to overcome this problem by formulating natural and safe hair colourants (Khan et al., 2011; Yusuf et al., 2015).
It is the main objective of hair dye formulation to provide a substitute for synthetic and semi-synthetic dyes. The chemicals used are amino compounds and metal oxides. But these chemicals cause side effects like skin irritation, redness to the skin (rashes), hair loss, and skin cancer (Kumar et al., 2016; Rangari, 2004).