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TopWell-Being, Motivation, Leisure Activities, And Play
SWB is an individual’s overall state of subjective wellness, and it is commonly conceptualized as having two primary components– affective and cognitive (Diener 1984; Eid & Larsen, 2008). According to Diener’s tripartite model of SWB (Diener, 1984), life satisfaction is an overall judgment of life, and positive and negative feelings refer to affective experiences.
A broad definition of motivation divides it into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. Recently, Reiss (2004) argued that the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is invalid, and that extrinsic motivations do not exist. Intrinsic motivations describe activities that follow one’s inner interests, and which are performed spontaneously and naturally (Deci, 1975). Those who report higher levels of intrinsic motivation and freedom experience greater levels of life enjoyment and psychological well-being (Graef, Csikszentmihalyi, & McManama Gianinno, 1983; Deci & Ryan 1987; Rodin, Timko, & Harris 1985; Wallston, Wallston, Smith, & Dobbins 1987), and leisure is a key life domain and a core ingredient for overall well-being (Newman, Tay, & Diener, 2014). Perhaps the most innovative of these theoretical models is Reiss’s (2004) multi-faceted model of intrinsic motivation, which is composed of 16 basic and universal motivations (see Table 1).