Background of the Study
A strategy is an overall approach and plan. Therefore, strategic planning is the overall planning that facilitates the suitable management of a process. Strategic planning is an organizational management activity that is used to determine priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working toward common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes/results, and assess and adjust the organization's direction in response to a changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning articulates not only where an organization is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it is successful. Moreover, strategic planning takes people in the organization outside the day-to-day activities of their organization or project. It provides every one with the big picture of what they are doing and where they are going. Strategic planning gives them clarity about what they actually want to achieve and how to go about achieving it, rather than a plan of action for day-to-day operations.
For achieving competitive advantages position and enhancing firm performance relative to their competitors are the main objectives that business organizations in particular should strive to attain (Raduan, Jegak, Haslinda and Alimin, 2009). Hence, performance management can be helpful in this situation that defined as a process for ensuring employees focus on their work in ways that contribute to achieving the organization's mission is indispensable for a business organization. Performance management includes various types or system. Performance management system is a kind of performance management forms. Supervisors and managers are responsible for managing the performance of their employees. Each organization's policy should specify how the performance management system will be carried out. Organizations should adopt performance management practices that are consistent with the requirements of this policy and that best fit the nature of the work performed and the mission of the organization.