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Users are becoming increasingly active in this brand-new realm of cloud computing technologies (Abreu et al., 2022; Sanka et al., 2021; Saif & Islam, 2022; Reyna et al., 2018). Millions of people use computers and mobile devices regularly to engage in various activities, including online shopping, research, sharing memories on social media, and engaging in various financial transactions (Sanka et al., 2021; Fakhri & Mutijarsa, 2018). A user’s digital footprint increases in proportion to the number of transactions he completes online (Saif & Islam, 2022). In actuality, most internet transactions require revealing a person's personal data. For instance, to attempt transactions with online retailers such as Amazon Pay, Google Wallet, PayPal, and Paytm, users must submit login information such as personal information and financial data (Toufaily et al., 2021; Dittmann & Jelitto, 2019). This results in sharing end-users’ personal information kept in a sizable database (Reyna et al., 2018). Additionally, most machines are found in the internet environment, where they rely completely on obtaining a person’s data without giving the owner any notice (Gunanidhi & Krishnaveni, 2022; Liu et al., 2021). The third parties then acquire access to clients' private information without their consent (Rubio et al., 2003). Additionally, there is a danger that information kept on cloud storage systems will be disclosed to third parties without the subject’s knowledge or consent (Puthal et al., 2020).
Identity documents are used by everyone and disseminated without authorization (Dhar et al., 2022). Loans, bank accounts, sim cards, and ticket bookings require identity credentials (Choi & Kim, 2020). Government entities, banks, and credit agencies are the weakest link in the identity management system due to data theft and hacking (Chalaemwongwan & Kurutach, 2018; Choi & Kim, 2020; Gong-Guo & Wan, 2021). The current identity management system is not trustworthy or safe. Using a passport, voter ID, or pan card, you must always confirm your identification. Multiple IDs can lead to data breaches and privacy problems (Noh & Rhee, 2020). Therefore, the blockchain may pave the route to self-sovereign identification through decentralized networks, which provide privacy, trust, and security where identity papers are safeguarded and validated, and permissioned participants endorse identity documents (Wang et al., 2020).
All of these claims illustrate how far the online identity management system is from attaining sustainability (Kinai et al., 2020). Consequently, the usage of Blockchain-based identity management is necessary (Xu et al., 2021). As a result, the blockchain has the potential to do away with middlemen while yet enabling individuals to maintain their identities on their own. But, before switching to blockchain, it's important to comprehend how identity management functions and the problems with the current system (Cheng & Shaoqin, 2020).