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Top1. Introduction
Organizations are mostly under the pressure to enhance their performance and gain a competitive edge in the market, to make possible their survival in the day by day changing world (Ndlovu & Parumasur, 2005; Van Schalkwyk, 2004). The changing world is taken as life time learning environment, taking risks in decisions, the speed of changes and measurement of outputs given by the organizations (Wentzel & Geldenhuis, 2005).
Strong winds of change have forced companies, which have been limited to local and national markets with their limited environmental conditions, to move to big arenas of Olympics where competition is at a global level. The competitors are numerous and competition is quite tough under the conditions of these new competition areas. (Karakoc and Yilmaz, 2009).
The “Human Resource” of company, different from components of others is of the type that cannot be copied / imitated. For this reason, it has a strategic role to be effective to gain differentiation competence of company and to differentiating. However, human resource in company has to meet the requirements for this role in terms of qualifications and power in order to take over such a role (Karakoc and Yilmaz, 2009).
Within this constantly changing context, organizations face continuous challenges that require ongoing flexibility, including mergers and acquisitions, downsizing, re-engineering, buy-outs, strategic refocusing and continuous improvement strategies (Van Tonder, 2005). The environments in which employees all over the world function, demand more of them than ever before. Employees have to cope with many such demands, often including limited resources and a lack of control (Rothmann, 2003). Attracting and retaining new managers will depend on the quality of the work environments that organizations can create (Laschinger, Purdy, Cho, & Almost, 2006). In the opinion of Laschinger and Finegan (2005) the empowerment of the employees in the organization is considered as an important element which is used to assess the health and wellbeing in these changing scenarios. Wilson, Deljoy, Healthy work environment by Vandenberg, Richardson, and McGrath (2004) is defined as, “as the one characterized by intentional, systematic, and collaborative efforts to maximize employee well-being and productivity by providing well-designed and meaningful jobs, a supportive social-organizational environment, and accessible and equitable opportunities for career and work - life enhancement”. Mok and Au-Yeung (2002) considered that there are many things that should be the part of organizational environment that enhance the sense of empowerment among employees e.g. these are support to the employees by the management, encouragement on performance, required information provided to the employees, required autonomy given to the employees,, giving the opportunities for their development, in the meanwhile teamwork and leadership are also highly correlated with the empowerment of the employees inside the organization.
Chaudhary, Rangnekar, & Barua (2012) and Srivastava & Bhatnagar (2008) assess that emerging globalization, the markets that becoming competitive day by day, the organizations unseen war to grab talent, changing climate of economies, all these have become the foremost challenges that organization have to face to make them successful in economic world. Now it is the role of the human resource management and development department of the organization that they hire the most critical talent from the employment market, asses the psychological demands of their organization’s workforce, and give motivational instruments for performing better than past. The employee-employer relationship has become old story now. Company’s employee retentions policies and are no more attractive instrument as it was in the past. Scenario has changed, now employer want and expects that their employee remained completely engaged in their company tasks as long as they remain in the company’s employment.