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Top1. Introduction
Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information science, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates into the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing (Wang, 2002a, 2003, 2006, 2007b, 2007c, 2007d, 2009a, 2009b, 2012c, 2012d, 2012f; Wang & Kinsner, 2006; Wang & Wang, 2006; Wang, Kinsner, & Zhang, 2009; Wang & Berwick, 2012; Wang, Kinsner, et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010; Wang, Widrow, et al., 2011).
Fundamental theories developed in CI cover the Matter-Energy-Information-Intelligence (MEII) model (Wang, 2007a, 2007b), the Layered Reference Model of the Brain (LRMB) (Wang et al., 2006), the Object-Attribute-Relation (OAR) model of internal information representation in the brain (Wang, 2007c), the Cognitive Functional Model of the Brain (CFMB) (Wang & Wang, 2006), the Abstract Intelligence Model of the Brain (AIMB), Natural Intelligence (Wang, 2007b), Abstract Intelligence (Wang, 2009a, 2012c), Neuroinformatics (Wang, 2007b; Wang & Fariello, 2012), Denotational Mathematics (Wang, 2002b, 2007a, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2008d, 2009d, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012e, 2012g, 2013), Cognitive Linguistics (Wang & Berwick, 2012; Wang, Berwick, & Luo, 2012b), Formal Neural Signal and Circuit Theories (Wang & Fariello, 2012), Cognitive Systems (Kinsner, 2011; Wang, 2010b, 2011c). Recent studies on LRMB in cognitive informatics reveal an entire set of cognitive functions of the brain and their cognitive process models, which explain the functional mechanisms and cognitive processes of the natural intelligence with 47 cognitive processes at seven layers known as the sensation, action, memory, perception, meta-cognitive, inference, and advanced cognitive layers (Wang et al., 2006).