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In present word electrical power requirement is increasing day by day, to compensate the demand we requires more power generating units. In conventional power generating unit’s area operates with help of non-renewable sources such as coal, diesel, and nuclear etc. Those sources are polluting environment in various aspects, in order to reduce the pollution and also prevent the shortage of non-renewable sources we go for renewable sources like photovoltaic, wind, biomass and hydro etc. (Elgerd 1970; Nagrath and Kothar 1994). Load demand is nonlinear so that the production of electrical power also nonlinear, during unexpected load change will reflects in the power quality in terms of power oscillation. More effects occur due to the oscillation for the electrical equipment’s. To overcome this crisis in power system / interconnected system LFC scheme is introduced. The LFC scheme comprises various controllers to regulate system response with quality and different optimization techniques introduced by many researchers in fast few decades.
Many studies were carried for LFC of micro grid power system by using different controllers and optimization techniques are Slap Swarm Algorithm (SSP), Hybrid multi verse with pattern search (hMVO-PS) algorithm based PID and fractional fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FOFPID) controllers (Malik and Suhag 2020; Mishra et al. 2020) are successfully implemented and analysis are carried to enhance the performance of system. A two area interconnected connected system with PV unit was investigated for LFC using Hybrid Many Optimizing Liaisons Gravitational Search Algorithm (hMOL-GSA) based Fuzzy PID (FPID)controller in (Khadanga et al. 2020). A research carried for LFC of hybrid power system incorporate with WTGs, FC, BEES, Aqua Electrolyze (AE), Diesel Engine Generator (DEG), and Ultra Capacitor (UC) with the help of cascade PD-PID controller and in which is controller gain are tuned by applying Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) (Gorripotu et al. 2020). PV and wind energy systems are incorporated with non-renewable sources like thermal and diesel power plants to study and analysis the frequency regulation of hybrid power system using PI, PID controllers. In this controller gain values are tuned by utilizing Ant Bee Colony (ABC) and Grey Wolf Optimization techniques (Mishra and Pati 2020; Bhongade and Verma 2020).
PSO – BFOA technique based PID controller is designed for two area power generating unit which consists of thermal system and PV unit (Panwar et al. 2019). Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA) issued to analyse the controller response in automatic generation control of a power generating unitwhich contains renewable sources like PV unit, wind power unit (Hasanien 2017). Optimum tuning of FOPID controller is involved for LFC of an interconnected system with Electrical Vehicle (EV) unit to enhance performance of system. A micro grid power system examined to solve LFC problem using PID controller as secondary controller loop and PSO – PID controller is used for the interconnected power system with wind form (Kachhwaha et al. 2016; Chowdhury and Asaduz-Zaman 2014; Tavakoli et al. 2018).PSO technique is applied to tune gain value of PID controller for a power system which comprises with multi area power sources to regulate and control the oscillation in power supply (Jagatheesan et al. 2016) during emergency situation. Author examined proportional integral derivative controller for LFC of multi area thermal power generating units and it it includes ACO-PID controller. ACO – PID controller is implemented to resolve the AGC issues of two and multi area connected thermal power sources with GRC no linearity (Jagatheesan et al. 20158). Bacterial Foraging (BF) based FOFPID controller implemented for LFC of multi sources power system, ACO-PID controller examined for frequency regulation of single area nuclear power generating system in (Arya 2019; Dhanasekaran et al. 2020). TLBO technique designed 2DOFPID controller is applied for AGC of two area thermal system and multi area multi sources power generating units (Barisal 2015) to solve LFC crisis. Auto Search Optimization (ASO) technique is evaluated with FOPID controller (Irudayaraj et al 2020) is applied and implemented in power generating unit. Multi area multi sources power generating system investigated by utilizing Fuzzy PID controller and controller gain values are optimized by the usage of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm in (Kumar and Sharma 2020).