Methylated Polytope of Hereditary Information

Introduction

Recently, the question of counteracting viral infections, their spread and development has become acute. Various stages of the viruses development from capsids to return to capsids are studied (Agol, et al., 1990; Novikova, et al., 2002; Novikova, 2007; Spirin, 1990; Wurm, et al., 2001; Wulan, et al., 2015; Lundberg, et al., 2013; Landberg, et al., 2013; Crotty, et al., 2002). Various drugs are being developed to inhibit various stages of viral population development (Gonzalez, et al., 2008; Dong, et al., 2020; De Clerey, 2004; Crotty et al., 2002; Caly et al., 2012; Razonable, 2011). However, we are forced to state that viruses have amazing properties of attacking a living organism, penetrating it, suppressing the protective properties of the organism, using the life-supporting functions of the organism to our advantage, reproducing inside the organism, often leading ultimately to the death of the organism. The drugs developed against viruses can often only temporarily extinguish the infection, and viruses are modified and, in a new form, attack living organisms again. What allows viruses to often be the winner in the fight against living organisms? It should be remembered here that viruses are equal ancient players in the development of life. It is assumed that they preceded the emergence of universal LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) protocells, since structural and functional similarities were found between archaeal viruses and some DNA-containing eukaryotic viruses (Novikova, 2007). This leads to the idea that it was viruses that contributed to the creation of life on Earth.

During their existence (about 5 billion years), viruses have developed complex systems of control, information transfer, recognition of dangers and ways to overcome them. Viruses participated in the creation of DNA and are themselves carriers of genetic information. Communication of information is always an important issue in a complex self-regulating system. Following the model of Watson and Crick (Watson and Crick, 1953 a, b), the transfer of genetic information in a double-stranded DNA molecule occurs as a result of the complementary nitrogenous bases of the two helices of the molecule. At the same time, the genetic information is incorporated not only in the sequence of arrangement along the spirals of various nitrogenous bases (nucleotide), but also in the geometric characteristics of complementary compounds: distances between atoms in compounds (centers of glycosidic bonds, locations of glycosidic centers, angles between glycosidic bonds) (Spirin, 2019).

When constructing the DNA molecule, Watson and Crick did not consider the question about the arrangement of flat nitrogenous bases in the space of the DNA molecule. It was recently discovered (Zhizhin, 2019 a, b) that the vicinity of nitrogenous bases at the place of their connection in DNA is a polytope of dimension 13 (polytope of hereditary information), on the coordinate two-dimensional planes of which nitrogenous bases can be located. In this case, the geometric characteristic of the complementary compound of nitrogenous bases is the geometric characteristic of the structure of the hereditary information polytope, i.e. polytope of higher dimension. The main parameter here is incidence (Zhizhin, 2019 c), I.e. belonging of one element of some dimension of the polytope to other elements of another dimension. The structure of the polytope will include a listing of all such incidents. The law of conservation of incidents was established (Zhizhin, 2019 d), according to which the integral sum of incidents from elements of low dimension to elements of high dimension is equal to the integral sum of incidents from elements of high dimension to elements of low dimension. An analytical expression for calculating the integral sum of incidents over the polytope is obtained. The integral sum of incidents over the polytope is interpreted as the flow of information between the elements of the polytope. It is shown that an increase in the dimension of the polytope leads to a sharp increase in the value of the information flow between the elements of the polytope.