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The demand and use of new technology has increased rapidly lately as a result of its growth (Ra et al., 2019). While it continues to develop and widen its broadband, it often provides more opportunity of integration and other tools/applications to be utilized more frequently. HVAC has been around for years and its need in almost every space where living beings exist has made it a good apparatus for development.
Since the discovery of HVAC many different types of control approaches have been discovered (Mirinejad, Sadati, Ghasemian, & Torab, 2008), (USA Patent No. US2175985A, 1935), (Soyguder, Karakose, & Alli, 2009) to provide a steady yet controllable temperature environment. As time goes on and other tools become available, control strategies are more robust and accurate as they are support by other discoveries such as big data (Zhu, Gong, Zhang, Zhao, & Zhou, 2018) or IoT (Wan, Lim, Wang, & Tseng, 2021). Smart thermostats have also shown significant growth in usage as they aid with efficiency and controllability (Van der Ham, Tabatabaei, Thilakarathne, & Treur, 2016), (Ellis, Scott, Hazas, & Krumm, 2012), (Gao & Keshav, 2013), (Hernandez, Arias, Buentello, & Jin, 2015). Although with smart/wireless system, there is always the challenge network security (Dean & Agyeman, 2018), which tends to be vulnerable to outsiders. Many studies have shown that HVAC requires significant energy consumption compared to other apparatuses within a vehicle or even a building in some case that maintain occupant comfort (Imal, 2015), (Prasad, Lee, Kang, & Kim, 2019), (Yang, Hu, & Spanos, 2019), (Ku, Liaw, Tsai, & Liu, 2015), (Sun, Luh, Jia, & Jiang, 2013), (Kambly & Bradley, 2014), (Farrington & Rugh, 2000), (Cvok, Škugor, & Deur, 2021), (Zhang, Gao, Gao, & Wang, 2015). Mitigations are being studied to increased efficiency when it comes to energy consumption (Faruque & Vatanparvar, 2016), (Knoedler, Steinmann, Laversanne, & Jones, 2012), (Neubauer & Wood, 2014), (Ajanovic & Haas, 2018).