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Top1. Introduction
Recent years, E-Learning is widely used in the world as a new learning mode(Jaques, &Vicari, 2007) and plays an important role in many fields. It also brings large economic benefits to the whole society. For example, Stanford open curriculum and distance education are all its successful cases. E-Learning has mainly brought two changes compared to the traditional learning mode. First, it can effectively overcome the limitation of information storage and transmission. Information in traditional learning mode is mainly stored on paper, whose transmission is not as convenient as that of E-Learning. However, E-Learning mode provides information enough space to store and a convenient way to spread through Internet, so more and more information and learning resource emerge on the Internet (Trentin, 1997; Katz, 2000). Second, learning process has been changed from the mode that learning is dominated by teachers to the mode that by students. Traditional teaching is based on the mode that teachers decide which to learn. However, E-Learning is based on the mode that students learn freely. The above two changes bring students convenience as well as confusion. Given the first change, plenty of learning contents will lead students overloading. The second change also brings students bad effects. As lack of experience and teachers’ guidance, students may don’t know how to study a TKU with high efficiency. This may lead students misleading (Mobrand, &Spyridakis, 2007). For the overloading problem, many scholars have provided mature solutions, such as various kinds of good Learning Recommendation Algorithms(Resnick, Iacovou, &Suchak, 1994; Francesco, Bracha, &Paul, 2010; Adomavicius, &Tuzhilin, 2005). This paper focuses on the second point, aimed at solving the problem of inefficient learning caused by misleading in E-Learning.
Many empirical evidences have proved that a proper learning path can guide students to master his/her TKU efficiently. Most recently, there are some methods which have been proposed to navigate learning. For example, Chu, Lee and Tsai (2011) proposed a method that regards the shortest path on the knowledge map as the learning navigation path (Chu, Lee, &Tsai, 2011). This method is easy to implement, but it can’t guarantee students master TKU because the shortest learning path leaves out many necessary knowledge units that a student must master before he learns TKU. Lee and Leu(2008) established adaptive scaffolding learning path to help students master TKU (Lee, Lee, &Leu, 2008). They mined many outstanding students’ learning log and found the frequent sequence from their log as the navigation learning path for others. But the lack of outstanding students’ log limits this method and it also leaves out the different abilities of different students. Chen and Duh(2008) proposed a learning path by using Item Response Theory (Chen, &Duh, 2008). They combine the difficulty of learning resource and students’ abilities which are measured by Item Response Theory. This method needs a lot of feedback from students. Students have to give feedback after finishing learning one knowledge unit, which brings students much inconvenience. Moreover, the designed questions are not good enough to reflect the real learning state of students, and the resource are also not well organized so that they lose their learning dependent relations among them. A navigation learning path disobeying learning dependent relations can’t be well understood.