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Emergency service is defined as “an emergency service and/or repair given by the medical, firefighting, and/or police facilities in both private or public sectors.” This definition was given by Marianov (2017), Santiago, Chile.
The emergency service is an old topic and a necessity that aids to pause threats to rescue lives or properties. When the properties are considered in the emergency location service (ELS), a study in Spain conducted by Silva with Serra (2008) shows that the degree of danger and human life threats should have a higher priority than routine incidents calls or emergency service.
In a study in East Asia (Japan), the transfer time of patients to hospitals had the priority. So, the study considered transfer-time minimization as an emergency project management (EMG) situation. Accordingly, the latter shows the essential role of ambulances, paramedics, and hospital staff (Sonoda & Ishibai, 2015).
Japan has been considered one of the most famous countries in natural (earthquakes) or man-made disasters since 1950. Those disasters are exponentially increasing with the emergency facilities’ location, as mentioned by the authors Boonmee et al. (2017). They proposed the facility location optimization model to meet the emergency humanitarian needs.
Moreover, relating to the emergency threat demand in China, such as demographic growth in China besides natural disasters, the importance of the coverage of the response time rises up. So, Yuhan and Jie (2019) suggested a multicoverage optimal location model for emergency medical services (EMS) facilities. This suggestion focused on finding a scientific solution that adds a valuable travel time (minutes) to overcome rescue difficulty. This shows that the facility location plays an efficient role in response time to rescue lives or properties. Another study from China mentioned that the necessity of modeling came from the emergency service demands that urge the importance of facilities’ location, which proposed a model called the robust optimization approach to emergency mobile facility routing (Li et al., 2020). Furthermore, an infrastructure restoration network plan is more crucially required when natural/man-made disasters are mentioned. This suggested the study from the United States of America (Iloglu & Albert, 2019) that uses a maximal multiple coverage and network restoration model to help emergency managers to schedule 1) effective restoration activities on the actual disaster time and 2) long-term recovery planning.