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The combination of health information and online technology in the medical field is a true technological reform. In fact, information technology (IT) has been widely used in the medical field to maintain records on basic health information, track medical inquiries, or provide remote diagnoses and treatment services. Health behavior and psychological monitoring systems integrated with sensors and radio communication technologies have been used in the medical and healthcare fields for issues like chronic disease management and improved fitness. Research continues to solve problems within the healthcare domain, including accessibility to information and disease management (Jones & Venable, 2021; Lazar & Hladnik, 2022).
Health behavior and psychological monitoring systems include global position software (GPS) sensors, accelerometers, cameras, microphones, light sensors, and physiological chemical sensors. These biosensors can measure important physiological parameters like heart rate, blood and air pressure, blood sugar, body and skin temperature, blood oxygen saturation, respiration rate, body fat, sleep quality, visible and infrared light, and other multi-sensor data. The integration of biosensors can be even more robust for motion detection, allowing users to monitor vital signs in real-time. At the same time, users can reflect on their mental health status based on physiological changes combined with environmental and verbal information. Some health monitoring systems have been used for stress and emotion monitoring, which reflects emotional changes and stress levels in certain scenarios. Overall, it plays an important role in promoting physical health and reducing the stress of medical treatment.
Health-medical monitoring systems, a type of mobile medical service, refers to the collection of physiological information through mobile intelligent terminals to provide users with medical and health information (Rui, 2016; Wang & Huang, 2022). Jones et al. (2006) found that mobile medical services mainly consist of wireless systems, wearable devices, and portable network devices. Mobile health applications enable users to be informed of changes in their health at any time and from anywhere, improving the timeliness of medical decisions.
Cocosila and Archer (2010) found that internal incentives had a significant impact on mobile medical services. Perceived risk factors had a significant negative impact on willingness to use mobile medical services. Consumers tend to have a low level of acceptance of wearable devices and often voice concerns about quality. Still, consumers are optimistic about wearable devices, expecting product features that are convenient, accurate and promote health management, especially heart health. Boontarig et al. (2012) found that performance expectations had significant influences on users’ willingness to use.
This study followed school students who were monitored by healthcare wearables. Questionnaires explored effort expectations, community influence, and convenience on health behaviors. The study aimed to determine whether all three would indirectly affect behavior intentions by influencing perceived value, willingness to learn, and perceived trust. The study facilitates research and management-level recommendations for operators of healthcare wearables.