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Top1. Introduction
Globally humanitarian crisis emerge due to different nature and human lead actions. WHO in 2013, summarized the typical number of emergencies occurred within the world. Accordingly, over the last decade 2001–2010, a mean quite 700 natural and technological emergencies occurred globally every year, affecting approximately 270 million people and causing over 130 000 deaths annually. Twenty-five per cent of those emergencies, and 44 per cent of those deaths, occurred in less developed countries with limited capacities to organize for and respond effectively to emergencies (WHO, 2013). Global Emergency Watch list enumerates humanitarian crises that are expected to deteriorate the foremost over the approaching year. Accordingly, in 2021 global list of humanitarian crises which is owned by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) stated that triple threat of conflict, global climate change and COVID-19 are driving the crises in nearly all Emergency Watch list countries in 2021(IRC, 2020).
Likewise, Conflicts, recurrent climatic shocks like floods and droughts, and socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 are the key drivers of humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia. While Ethiopia is struggling to deal with several concurrent humanitarian emergencies, another politically driven conflict has created immense humanitarian need within the northern part of the country. The hostilities that outbreak on 4 November 2020 in Tigray region is characterized by a military action which has resulted in massive internal displacement and disruption of livelihoods. In a region with pre-existing high levels of need, including quite a one million people receiving safety net assistance prior to the conflict (OCHA, 2020); The crisis has greatly increased vulnerability in the region and this demanded a coordinated multi sectorial emergency responses.
In response to the present effect, different national and international NGOs’ joined the humanitarian call for response. World Vision Ethiopia, to this end has prepositioned and planned a humanitarian emergency response projects worth more than 30 Million USD for Tigray.
World Vision is a Christian Humanitarian Development organization having presence in more than 90 countries, spanning six continents. World Vision Ethiopia (WVE) is delivering integrated programs with target communities through its 58 Area programs (APs) located in all regional states of Ethiopia. This makes it the largest in Ethiopia having more than 1450 staffs in Ethiopia and more than 220 staffs responding in Tigray emergency currently. It has three pillars of engagement; engaging in development, Advocacy and Humanitarian Emergency crisis.
The confrontation, called low enforcement in Tigray officially, started on November 4, 2020 has resulted many humanitarian crises and in response; WVE lunched its largest humanitarian emergency response projects. The conflict has resulted in knocking down of infrastructure and destruction of public institutions, almost across the Zones/Woreda. Schools, health centers and posts, and administrative units are among many other victims of the war. In addition, the EU, USAID and different inter-governmental organizations and NGO are responding to the humanitarian call even though the funding are still not sufficient.
According to WHO (2013), with only 25 emergencies occurring in developing country, the share of individuals is 44 percent. This high number of fatality was associated with limited capacity of preparedness and non-effective response mechanism. Preparedness to emergency response requires both financial capacity and proactive planning. Moreover, having all the required capacity, effective response demands coordination and effective management of the response projects. The fact that Ethiopia is one among the developing countries and hundreds of million dollars are spent on humanitarian emergency project yearly and that without effective response to the emergency the consequence on humanitarian are huge necessitate studying emergency project management practice in Ethiopia. From Observation & experience, Emergency projects are critical time bounded and need to be implemented and closed in shorter timeframe as compared to development project. However, due to poor management and different risks, emergency projects are extended and delayed. Organizations extend their implantation timeframe through no cost extension (NCE). This study tires to answer the factor that leads to NCE and assess whether this are associated with Project management practice.